Copy of Parts of Speech

Nouns

What are they?

Types of Nouns

• Nouns = person, place, thing or idea

1.) Singular

2.) Plural

4.) Proper

3.) Common

Examples:

= ONE

= MORE THAN ONE

= any person, place, thing or idea

= a specific person, place, thing or idea

Example:

House

Houses

Example:

Starbucks

coffee shop

• Person: Bill, kid, mom
• Place: home, New York, park
• Thing: kite, desk, balloon
• Idea: Love, history

5.) Concrete

6.) Abstract

7.) Collective

= an idea or a feeling

= a singular noun that implies a group

= tangible (you can touch, taste, see, or hear them)

Examples:

team, family

cup, dog, building

love, happiness

Breaking down sentences:

9.) Possessive

8.) Compound

Reminder:

= shows ownership through use of apostrophes

= two or more nouns together to make one noun

Examples

A sentence must contain a subject and a verb

Examples

A noun always falls into more than one category. Example...

skate + board = skateboard

air + plane = airplane

Boy's shirt

Dog's collar

Interjections!

1.) Houses < (plural and concrete)

2.) Airplane's wing < (compound and possessive)

Example:

What are they?

My dogs chase birds in the backyard.

Usually...

= Word or short phrase used to express an emotion or feeling

Words are primarily interjections,

like YUM, WHOA, and EWW!

On the SAT...

Sentences are typically very complex in order to disguise the key elements so you won't notice the mistakes.

*End with an exclamation point or comma*

But sometimes...

The wind was blowing wildly yesterday.

For example:

examples:

Other parts of speech can act as interjections, like SWEET or AWESOME!

Yikes! That was a mistake.

Oh, I get it now.

The immense amount of sand brought down by the Zambesi has in the course of ages formed a sort of promontory, against which the long swell of the Indian Ocean, beating during the prevailing winds, has formed bars, which, acting against the waters of the delta, may have led to their exit sideways.

VERB?

SUBJECT?

Common interjections...

Interjection or not?

• Holy cow! I have never seen the moon that big.

• Congratulations are in order!

bazinga

blech

boo-yah

duh

eek

eureka

eww

wow

yahoo

yikes

yippee

yo

yuck

yum

ouch

oy

ugh

uh-oh

whammo

whew

whoa

geez

ha

hello

hooray

huh

oh

oops

• Congratulations! You did an amazing job.

Verbs

Is the subject DOING something?

No!

Yes!

ACTION VERB... but is there a helping verb?

LINKING VERB

Yes!

No!

(state of being)

=

Just MAIN VERB

Verb Phrase!

(HV + MV)

What are they?

Main Verbs...

= express an action or state of being

... explain what the subject of the sentence is doing.

Subject/Verb Agreement

Examples:

• My brother played outside.
• The students study in the hallway.
• The movie was good.

Jump, sing, think, worry, have, appear

The verb of the sentence must match the subject in its conjugation.

Helping Verbs...

... are added to the main verb to show when or if it happens

For Example:

Verb tenses...

Verb Phrases

examples:

= When you use more than one verb to explain the action

He walked away.

He walks away.

He will walk away.

Past

Present

Future

My sisters are going to the movies later.

• I would enjoy ice cream tomorrow.
• I am going to the beach this summer.
• Will you sing in the concert?

*They always have one main verb and at least one helping verb*

Examples:

Linking Verbs

Subject

Verb

Agreement

Rules

and

Practice

Worksheet

= when a helping verb is used by itself

for example:

I am heading home later.

John should have looked first.

John was mean.

She is jealous of him.

After drinking the old milk, Kelly turned green.

You seem upset today, why?

The soup tastes delicious.

Some other

linking verbs...

Many of the participants wanted to stay for the ceremony.

Seem

Become

Grow

Look

Prove

Remain

Smell

Sound

Taste

Turn

Stay

Get

Appear

Feel

*If you can replace a verb with the 8 main linking verbs, then it is acting as a linking verb. If not, it is an action verb.*

The bud grew quickly into a flower.

He grew impatient with me.

Although dancing is fun, it is often difficult.

Nouns

Adverbs

Pronouns

Prepositions

Conjunctions

Interjections

Adjectives

Verbs

Conjunctions

What are they?

Types of Conjunctions

= Words used to connect sentences or ideas

Subordinating

Coordinating

Examples:

Connects an incomplete sentence to a complete sentence

Connect equal ideas

And, but, or

Because, since, until, while, although, which,

when, though, before, unless, so that, as

Example:

Examples:

I want to go to school, but I am sick.

Since I won the lottery I have been very happy.

Molly went home and took a nap.

I was in the mood for milk and cookies.

I'm not getting my phone back until Saturday.

Correlative

Conjunctive Adverb

Paired conjunction to link equal ideas

Shows cause/effect or relationships

Examples:

example:

Both my sister and I enjoy dancing.

What conjunction is being used?

Both ... and

Either ... or

Neither ... nor

Not only ... but

What kind of conjunction is it? Follow the chart:

However

Besides

Therefore

Moreover

Furthermore

Is it AND, BUT, or OR?

Always go to other people's funerals; otherwise, they won't go to yours.

yes!

no!

He was neither relieved nor satisfied with his grade.

1.) The storm affected both my bother and I.

Does it follow a semicolon? ;

Is it paired with EITHER, NEITHER, NOT ONLY, or BOTH?

Parts of Speech

yes!

2.) Yesterday I called my friend, and asked about the game.

no!

Conjunctive

Adverb

Correlative

Subordinating

Coordinating

3.) Mike had to sit down, while Sally was allowed to play again.

Car Engine...

Story time...

One day Ms. McKee took her dog Finn for a walk. It was very _________ outside that day, so she wore her _________ coat. Finn immediately found a ________ hiding under a bush. Finn was very _________, and __________ very loudly. Afterward they returned home for a nice cup of ___________.

Pronouns

what are they?

Personal Pronouns

= a word that takes the place of one or more nouns

Reflexive

Pronouns

Subject

Pronouns

Object

Pronouns

Possessive

Adjectives

Possessive

Pronouns

Example:

Bob loves reading; he particularly enjoys novels.

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

me

you

him

her

it

us

you

them

mine

yours

his

hers

-

ours

yours

theirs

I

you

he

she

it

we

you

they

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

Antecedent = the word that the pronoun refers to

He = pronoun

Bob = antecedent

Prepositions

Demonstrative

Relative Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns

Pronouns

That, which, who, whom, whose, whichever, whoever, whomever

Everyone, Anyone, Someone

This, that

These, those

Common Prepositions

What are they?

They describe relationships between other words in a sentence.

Examples:

Prepositional Phrases

vs. Infinitive Phrases

Can start a prepositional phrase

like... I am going to the movies.

to

Of, for, to, after, around

Can ALSO start an infinitive phrase

like... I am going to sing later.

*Infinitive phrases always include a VERB*

by

about

as

into

like

through

after

over

of

in

to

for

with

on

at

from

between

out

during

without

before

under

around

among

I am proud of my garden.

Prepositional Phrases...

Mike waited patiently for snow.

Tomorrow I am going to school.

Mike waited patiently for snow.

Tomorrow I am going (to school).

Mr. Qualli gave candy to us.

Modifiers...

Mr. Qualli gave candy to us.

• Prepositional phrases begin with a preposition and end with a noun.

= the words that are between the preposition and the object of the preposition

At lunch I asked my friend about the game.

PREP

MODIFIERS

OBJECT of the

PREP

• We call that noun the object of the preposition.

At lunch I asked my friend about the game.

I am going to the new store.

Adjectives

Adverbs

What are they?

Adverbs modify verbs...

Special Types of Adjectives

+ LY

= Words that modify or describe nouns

Explorers eagerly chase adventure.

Words that modify or describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs

Superlative

Comparative

Examples:

Adverbs modify ADJECTIVES...

= Compares one thing many

= Compares one thing to another

Example:

Dan is the tallest of them all.

Dan is taller than Bob.

Some explorers visit amazingly beautiful places.

Adverbs answer...

• Green shirt
• Happy baby
• Hungry students

Proper Adjectives

Articles

• How? Suddenly, carefully, quietly

= adjectives that describe a specific noun

Adverbs modify ADverbs...

Examples

A, An, The

Italian hoagie

Swiss cheese

• When? Yesterday, later, already

Others quite bravely explore the unknown - space.

• Where? There, ahead, outside

• To what extent? Completely, totally, fully

Adjectives answer:

Adjectives

sometimes occur within

a group...

Reminder:

Adverbs can come ANYWHERE in a sentence, not just next to the word that they modify.

Special

Adverb: NOT

Examples:

2.) What kind?

green

little

old

3.) How many?

one

several

all

1.) Which one?

those

that

this

You should not run inside.

Yesterday Mike practiced.

She closed the door fully.

The red, white, and

blue flag waved in

the air.