Introducing
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Over the next hour, we will educate our classmates on the health disparities that exist in the US and the prevention strategies that have been implemented.
"The Affordable Care Act will reduce health disparities by investing in prevention and wellness, and giving individuals and families more control over their own care" (HHS Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2011, p. 7).
http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/mars-vs-venus-the-gender-gap-in-health
Healthy People 2020 will be tracking rates of death, chronic and acute diseases, injuries, and other health-related behaviors for the many areas of health disparities
The National HIV/AIDS Strategy looks at decreasing the rate of new cases and providing unbiased care regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, or SES.
Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice addresses adverse environmental health effects on minority and low-income groups.
1. Define what a health disparity is.
2. Identify some of the health disparities that exist in the US.
3. Discuss the implementation strategies that the US has put into place to combat these health disparities.
Sexual health is essential to overall health and well-being, yet sexual health needs often are overlooked. Among racial/ethnic and sexual orientation minorities (ie, gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons), disparities in sexual health exist for problems such as body image dissatisfaction, teen pregnancy and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections such as Chlamydia, Hepatitis C and HIV/AIDS.
New Institute created at NIH: National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NCMHD)
To overcome this problem, healthcare providers should integrate the sexual history into the medical interview whenever possible to increase their comfort discussing sexuality and sex behavior.
What are some of the health disparities that exist in the United States?
Community Health Center Program (1969)-improved healthcare access for low-income families in high-need communities
Have you or anyone you have ever known dealt with or experienced a health disparity?
National Health Service Corps (1972)-works to provide primary medical care in areas designated as Health Profession Shortage Areas
Public Housing Primary Care Program-supports providers in delivering care to residents of public or subsidized housing
Health Schools, Healthy Communities Program (1994)-supported development of full-time school-based health centers to serve vulnerable youth
Health Care for the Homeless Program-supports grantees from the community to provide services to homeless population
*shapes future occupational opportunities and potential to earn money
"Lower-status jobs expose workers to both physical and psychosocial risks. They carry a higher risk of occupational injury and exposure to toxic substances" (Adler & Newman, 2002, p. 65).
*higher education levels provide life skills and knowledge that can be used to access better health care and health promotion resources
*The lower the occupational status, the higher percentage of job strain and lack of control over occupation
"Educated adults often have lower levels of stress, maintain larger social networks and live in healthier neighborhoods with more green space and better supermarkets" (Klein, 2014).
No occupation=no employer sponsored healthcare insurance
*people with higher incomes can purchase better healthcare services and can hold health insurance
*higher incomes can provide better nutrition, housing, schooling, and recreation
"Those making less than $24,000 per year suffer from much lower emotional and physical health, have poorer health habits, and have significantly less access to medical care" (Mendes, 2010).
Race
Ethnicity
Immigrant status
Disability
Sex or gender
Sexual orientation
Geography
Income
1. Better Care: Improve overall quality, by making health care more patient centered, reliable, accessible, safe, and focused on achieving meaningful health outcomes.
2. Healthy People/Healthy Communities: Improve the health of the U.S. population by supporting proven interventions to address behavioral, social and, environmental determinants of health in addition to delivering higher quality care.
3. Affordable Care: Reduce the cost of quality health care for individuals, families, employers, and government.
Adler, N. & Newman, K. (2002). Socioeconomic disparities in health: Pathways and policies. Health Affairs, 21(2), 60-76. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.21.2.60
Harvard Health Publications. (2010). Mars vs. Venus: The gender gap in health. Retrieved from http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/mars-vs-venus-the-gender-gap-in-health
The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2015). Gender differences in health care, status, and use: Spotlight on men’s health. Retrieved from http://kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/gender-differences-in-health-care-status-and-use-spotlight-on-mens-health/
Klein, R. (2014). This is how your education level impacts your health. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/09/26/education-impacts-health-data_n_5871290.html
Mendes, E. (2010). In US, health disparities across incomes are wide-ranging. Retrieved from http://www.gallup.com/poll/143696/Health-Disparities-Across-Incomes-Wide-Ranging.aspx
MSU SSRC. (2012, April 19). Health disparities [video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGeRg8_5TY
NIHOD. (2014, November 5). Social inequalities in health [video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=roAQHn5rEo
Shi, L. & Singh, D. (2013). Essentials of the U.S. health care system. (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2016). 2015 National healthcare quality and disparities report and 5th anniversary update on the national quality strategy. Retrieved from https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/index.html
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). Disparities. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Disparities
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). HHS action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities. Retrieved from https://www.minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf
US National Library of Medicine. (2016). Health disparities. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/healthdisparities.html