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400 Years of Special Education:

(A journey of Special Needs in Education)

"Exceptional human beings must be given exceptional educational treatment, treatment which takes into account their special difficulties.

- Hans Asperger 1944

Education 203

Breanna Jefferson

Historical Exploration

In Schools

In Research

1864 Through the Enabling Acts, signed by President Abraham Lincoln. The first National College was created to facilitate degrees for the deaf is opened.

1876 Edouard Seguin helps to organize the first professional association concerned with disabilities (mental retardation).

1897 The NEA creates a branch for teaches who specializes in the teaching of children with disabilities.

1898 Elizabeth Farrel creates a program dedicated to “slow and backward” children

1800 Jean Marc Gaspard Itard beings his work with Feral child Victor

1817 Rev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet finds the American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb

1826 The first public school for mentally retarded people opens in Paris

1834 Louis Braille publishes the Braille code

In Policies p.2

1720 Daniel Defoe, Founder/creator of the English Novel, write the first critically accepted exposé on the Problems of Deaf people

2013 According to the Department of Education, $2,289,108,000 will be used on special education

In Writings and Founding

In Policies p. 1

1749-51 Denis Diderot publishes his study on the deaf and blind

1760 Abbé Charles Michel de L’Épée charters a school for deaf children in Paris

1791 First British school for the blind opens

1990 PL 10-476 or IDEA 1990 Emphasizes transition planning for adolescents with disabilities.

In Research p.2

1916 The Standford-Binet Scale of Intelligence is published

1920 Columbia University is the First to train teachers in the area of gifted students

1936 Testing for the hearing and sight of school-aged children is put into law in New York

In Court and Law p.1

2007 No Child Left Behind Act signed by President George W. Bush states that all children should be proficient in math and reading by 2014.

2009 Forest Grove School District v. T.A This Supreme Court case ruled that parents of special need children can ask for reimbursement for expenses if a public school fails to accommodate disabled children.

In Court and Law p.2

The Beginnings

1400- early 1600s The “mentally unstable” were left to fend for themselves as long as they were not deemed dangerous to others.

1690 John Locke “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” expanded education. Pioneers of special education wrote about their endeavors to educate disabled students.

2009 The Recovery Act, Signed by President Barack Obama, allocates 12.2 billion dollars to fund the IDEA.

2011 In an updated reauthorized IDEA, Special need students are now required to take state and district assessments. All teachers are required to join the IEP team for their students.

“I have had this desire my whole life to prove people wrong, to show them I could do things they didn’t think I could do.”

~ David A. Paterson

Former New York Governor

In Politics p.1

1963 Association for Children with Learning Disabilities is founded

1972 Wolf Wolfensberger brings "normalization" to the United States

1973 PL93-112 S 504 prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

1986 PL 99-457 mandates a special education for pre-schoolers with disabilities and provides intervention services to infants and toddlers

"Its more important to know what sort of person has a disease than to know what sort of disease a person has"

- Hippocrates 400 B.C

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