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revived language- a language previously extinct but now in use

  • ex. Hebrew

Shintoism

isolated language- a language not related to any other known language

  • ex. Basque

Lingua Franca- A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.

  • English is the global lingua franca

Ethnic Regions

Pidgin Language- A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.

  • ex. Spanglish
  • religion that appeals to a

particular group of people

living in a particular place

Imperialism and Colonialism

  • both had major effects on the political geography in terms of boundaries, cores, capitals, and international economic relationships

Imperialism

  • is the perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign

Judaism

  • also describes countries that exert cultural or economic dominance over others without the aid of official government institution

Colonialism

Hinduism

This is an ideogram- used by Eastern Asian countries, each symbol represents an idea or concept

  • is the effort by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles on such territory

Folk Culture

is spread through relocation diffusion

Cultural Adoption

Acculturation: To adopt some cultural traits of new culture, but not all.

Assimilation:To completely become a part of a culture.

Appropriation: is the adoption of elements of one culture by members of another cultural group

Some things can go from folk culture to popular culture through diffusion

ex. The Amish population relocated to the United States from Europe and now mostly live in PA, USA but are in 16 other states as well.

ex. Soccer- it started with boys kicking a cows bladder around, and grew to be a folk custom, then eventually globalized in 1800s in Great Britain

Organization of the sport into a formal structure caused the globalization of the popular sport

Official languages-languages used in government affairs, at times it is not the most common spoken language of the population

  • Countries can also have more than one official language
  • ex. India who has multiple official languages including Hindi and English

Dialect:A regional variation of a language which reflects environmental features and that is distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

  • the standard language of British speech is British received pronunciation

Creolized language: A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

  • ex. French Creole in Haiti

Universalizing Religions

Confucianism

Religions that attempt to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location

Cultural Patterns and Processes

Branch: A large fundamental division within a religion

Sect: A small group that has broken away from denomination

Daoism/Taoism

Jeans

Denomination: A division of a branch that unites people.

  • Jeans were popularized by Westerns in 1960s because of their youthful independent look. At one point, jeans were a symbol for low status workers but eventually became an obsession around the world.

By: Ashley W, Brigitta T, Hannah W, Keely T

Christianity

Cultural Diffusion in Popular Culture

  • Indo Iranian: Clustered in South Asia.
  • Romance: Southwestern Europe.
  • Germanic Languages: Northwest Europe.
  • Balto Slavic: Eastern Europe.

Globalization

  • spreads by hierarchical diffusion.
  • modern communication helps spread the traits.

ex. McDonald's - it is present virtually everywhere in the world

ex. Starbuck's - started out as a small business then via globalization spread worldwide

Islam

Examples:

Popular Culture

Fundamentalism vs. Secularism

Buddhism

Folk Culture

Major Language Families

French Schools vs. American Schools

A literal interpretation and a strict and intense adherence to basic principles of a religion.

Strict separation of the state from religious institutions and that people of different religions and beliefs are equal before the law

  • Found in large heterogeneous societies.
  • Often a product of more economically developed countries.
  • Music is produced to be distributed to many people.
  • Nodes: California and New York City etc.

Language family- a collection of languages related to each through a common ancestor long before recorded history

Language branch- collection of languages related through common ancestor several thousand years ago

Language group- collection of languages within a branch that shares a common origin and relatively recent past

  • Small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas.
  • Often have anonymous hearths, originating from anonymous sources, at unknown dates, through unidentified originators.
  • Folk songs are transmitted orally.
  • Spreads through relocation
  • diffusion.
  • French schools don't allow any religious materials in the classrooms while American schools use materials based off religious views

  • Indo-European: Divided into eight branches.
  • The main branches spoken by large amounts of people are Indo-Iranian, Romance, Germanic, and Balto Slavic.

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