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IUCN Redlist listing for Masdevallia Atahualpa orchid. Chadburn, H. 2013. Masdevallia atahualpa. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 June 2015.

Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia listing for Masdevallia Atahualpa orchid. Website: http://www.orchidspecies.com/masatahualpa.htm

INaturalist listing for Masdevallia Atahualpa orchid. Website: http://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/57707

Conservation International's article on their rapid assessment program (RAP). Website: http://www.conservation.org/projects/Pages/Rapid-Assessment-Program.aspx

SKY Rainforest Rescue (WWF & Sky Ltd) webpage on ideas to protect the Amazon Rainforest. Website: https://rainforestrescue.sky.com/amazon-rainforest

FRONTIER Peru Amazon Rainforest Conservation Project volunteer program. Website: http://www.frontiergap.com/projects/505/Peru-Amazon-Rainforest-Conservation

Research paper on the success of the conservation of the Golden Lion Tamarin. Stolwijk, R.C., (2013), The golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia): a flagship species for the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Faculty of Science Theses (Master thesis). Retrieved 2 June 2015. Website: dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/279887.

A case study on strategies to save the Golden Lion Tamarin by an endangered species journalist. Kasnoff, Craig (2015), Golden Lion Tamarin, An endangered species. Retrieved 2 June 2015. Website: http://www.bagheera.com/inthewild/van_anim_tamarin.htm

Journey into the amazing Amazon Rainforest

with Zachary Lau

References for the Amazon Rainforest

&

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) webpage on the Amazon Rainforest. Website:http://www.worldwildlife.org/places/amazon

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) report on trends in and causes of rainforest destruction. Living Forests Report Chapter 5: Saving Forests at Risk. Website: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/living-forests-report-chapter-5-saving-forests-at-risk

SKY Rainforest Rescue (WWF & Sky Ltd) website on the Amazon Rainforest. Website: https://rainforestrescue.sky.com/amazon-rainforest

Article on the Importance of the Amazon Rainforest. Butler, Rhett A (2006). “Amazon Rainforest.” Retrieved 2 June 2015, from Mongabay.com / A Place Out of Time: Tropical Rainforests and the Perils They Face. Web site: http://rainforests.mongabay.com/amazon/amazon_importance.htm

Information on rainforests and the importance of their preservation. Taylor, Leslie (2006). “Rainforest Facts”. Retrieved 2 June 2015, from rain-tree.com/ Raintrees Rainforest Facts. Website: http://www.rain-tree.com/facts.htm#history

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) article on the relationship between the Amazon people and plants. Website: http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/amazon/about_the_amazon/people_amazon/amazon_people_plants/

learn how you can help save it!

What does it look like?

  • Cat-like size
  • Dense, soft, red and gray-brown fur.
  • Unlike other types of Titi monkeys, it doesn't have a white bar-shaped patch of fur on its forehead, hands or feet.

Unique Features

Deforestation threats

According to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), the Amazon rainforest is expected to lose 23-48 million ha between 2010 and 2030 by deforestation. This is the highest in the world.

  • It can purr like a cat.
  • When Caquetá Titi monkeys select a mate, they stay together forever.
  • It was only newly discovered in 2008. Only 1 sighting before this in 1976.
  • Only found in Caqueta, Columbia in dense, low forests of small, thin broadleaved trees and bushes of 10-15 metres in height.

References for the Caqueta Tiki monkey

Flora & Fauna:

Location, Size & Type:

Flora:

  • WWF estimates there are 40,00 plant species in the Amazon rainforest.
  • They range from massive trees to tiny shrubs.
  • Botanical experts have said that in just 2.5 acres of the Amazon there are around 700 different species of flora.
  • Examples:
  • Kapok Tree
  • Bromeliads
  • Cacao tree
  • Assai palm
  • Orchids such as the Masdevallia Atahualpa Leur Orchid (my plant)

Source: http://enviro-map.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/amazon_forest.jpg

  • Geographic Coordinates: 3.1600° S, 60.0300° W.
  • Continent : South America
  • More than ½ the Amazon rainforest is in Brazil but it also is part of Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Bolivia, Suriname and French Guiana.
  • Area: 5.5 million square kms.
  • It is the largest tropical rainforest in the world.

Fauna:

  • WWF estimates 3,000 freshwater fish species, over 1,300 bird species, over 400 mammal species, more than 100,000 insects/other invertebrates and more than 370 types of reptiles are in the Amazon Rainforest.
  • They range from the mighty Jaguar to a tiny Leafcutter Ant.
  • Examples:
  • Jaguar
  • Leafcutter Ant
  • Anaconda
  • Tapir
  • Monkeys such as the Caqueta Titi Monkey(my Animal)

How is it used?

IUCN Red List Status:

World Wildlife Fund (WWF) article on the discovery of new species in the Amazon Rainforest. Website: http://wwf.panda.org/what_we_do/where_we_work/amazon/?211676/Purring-monkey-among-441-new-species-discovered-in-the-Amazon-rainforest

National Geographic article on the discovery of the Caqueta titi monkey. New Titi Monkey Found: Fire-Tailed, With Sideburns. Website: http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/03/150310-brazil-monkeys-animals-new-species-science-amazon/

Wildscreen ARKive factsheet on the Caqueta Tiki monkey. Website: http://www.arkive.org/caqueta-titi-monkey/callicebus-caquetensis/

Research paper on the discovery of the Caqueta Tiki monkey. Defler, T.R., Bueno, M.L. and García, J. (2010) Callicebus cacquetensis: A new and critically endangered titi monkey from Southern Caquetá, Colombia. Primate Conservation, 25: 1-9. Retrieved 2 June 2015. Website: http://www.thomasdefler.com/Publications/PC25_Defler,%20Bueno,%20Garcia%202010._C_caquetensis_FINAL.pdf

IUCN Redlist listing for Caqueta Titi Monkey. Defler, T.R. & García, J. 2012. Callicebus caquetensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.1. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 02 June 2015.

It is hunted for food because the people who live there are poor.

Estimated number remaining:

Only 82, when they were first discovered in 2008. Estimated to only be 250 remaining worldwide.

Amazon Rainforest: fast facts

Estimated number before extinction?

Unknown but close to extinction.

Who lives there?

Why is this rainforest important to the global community?

Air quality: It is estimated that over 20% of the world's oxygen is produced in the Amazon. The trees clean the air from pollution by sucking up Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and breathing out Oxygen. This also helps the trees to grow. The Amazon is often called the 'lungs of our planet'.

  • Around 30 million people live in the Amazon Rainforest.
  • Out of the 30 million, 3 million are indigenous people from over 300 different cultural groups. They live in villages hunting and gathering their food. Some of them live 'away from the outside world'.
  • Most people live in the large cities.
  • People rely on the Amazon rainforest for their food, medicine, energy sources, building materials and income.

Water : The rainfall in the Amazon influences rainfall as far away as Central America and the United States. The people also rely on the river for transport and for generating food and other products.

Biodiversity: As the home to more species and plants than anywhere in the world, the Amazon rainforest flora and fauna are relied on for food, medicine and other products like clothing.

The Caqueta Titi Monkey

Ecosystem: The lakes and rivers control regional and local climates so it will not be too hot.

Why is it endangered?

What is being done to help them?

  • Field and genetical studies
  • Land/water protection
  • Government conservation

The main cause of habitat destruction is agriculture (ranching and illegal crop cultivation) and the introduction of other species and chemicals that pollute the land.

As it is a war zone, the barbed wire fences put in, fragment the land making the monkeys vulnerable to predators and hunting.

References for the Masdevallia Atahualpa Orchid

What more can be done?

1. Creating protected reserves for them to live safely.

2. Breeding program in partnership with zoos.

3. Educating the local people to not hunt them for food. Maybe provide them with alternative food sources.

4. Computer tracking and monitoring.

Special project: Give the Caqueta Titi Monkey a 'flagship species status' similar to the Golden Lion Tamarin. People could 'adopt' (sponsor)

a Caqueta Titii Monkey from breeding to release into the rainforest. Tracking devices let you see where they are from a special 'app'/ on your phone.

What does it look like?

  • A large tufted epiphytic orchid with only a single flower (3cm).

Where is it found?

Native only to Peru, it can be found in cooler altitudes ( 3,000-3,100 m high).

It is estimated to only exist in an area less than 500 square kms.

General Conservation Ideas

What more can be done?

  • Protect the areas they are currently found in and create new areas for growth.
  • Research more into this orchid.
  • Field survey to establish geographic distribution and population status and then monitor existing plants.

Special project: Get existing seedlings from orchid enthusiasts and grow them in botanical gardens (plant zoos). In future, they can be reproduced to be replanted in the wild.

How is it used?

References on Conservation Ideas

It is grown by orchid enthusiasts.

You can buy them for USD$15 online.

  • Local level:
  • Educate local people and help them with other resources which are sustainable and have less impact on the rainforest.
  • Government and businesses partner to create more protected zones and forest corridors.
  • Global level:
  • Have more public awareness campaigns for endangered plants. There are lots for animals but not many for plants, even though plants are more necessary!
  • Volunteer camps for replanting forests.
  • Get organisations to have products focused on endangered animals and plants instead of movie characters. Example: McDonalds Happy Meal toys are endangered animals or plants. Part of the money is donated towards conservation of that animal or plant.
  • Create game apps with endangered animal and plant characters. When you win, money gets donated to certain conservation projects.

What is being done to help?

It is listed in the CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) Appendix II which means you can only trade if you have a special permit.

The Masdevallia Atahualpa Leur (King of the Incas)

IUCN Red List Status:

Why is it endangered?

Estimated number left?

Unknown as only two specimen collections have ever been collected in the wild.

The main threat is deforestation due to

agricultural development, forest reduction and logging.

As it grown by orchid enthusiasts, there is also the threat of it being collected from the wild for sale.

Estimated time before extinction?

Unknown. The two specimen collections were not found in protected areas however so the risk of extinction is high.

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