Peru-Chile Trench

How Trenches Form

• Subduction Zones
• Continental side (steep, igneous and metamorphic)
• Oceanic side (steady slope, sedimentary)

Works Cited

Trenches

https://www.britannica.com/place/Peru-Chile-Trench

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Chile_Trench

https://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC1JZ7G_peru-chile-trench?guid=e83ed03c-349a-4ac5-a91c-a467cb9f92f2

http://www.news.com.au/world/worlds-biggest-recorded-earthquakes/story-e6frfkyi-1225781172084

http://nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/ocean-trench/

https://www.google.com/search?q=peru-chile+trench&rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS713US713&espv=2&biw=1087&bih=582&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjjoPixzr3QAhVnKsAKHVIKAFwQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=ring+of+fire&imgrc=JVX78zbXR5Ou4M%3A

https://www.britannica.com/event/Chile-earthquake-of-1960

https://www.britannica.com/event/Chile-earthquake-of-2010

• Convergent boundaries
• long, narrow depressions
• Extremely deep
• Ocean trenches are a result of tectonic

activity,movement in the Lithosphere

Peru-Chile Trench

• Submarine Trench
• Eastern Pacific Ocean
• 3,660 miles long
• 26,500 feet deep
• 40 miles wide
• Covers 230,000 miles

Tectonic Setting

• Nazca Plate and South Ameican Plate

Ring of Fire

• Deepest trenches
• Major area in the Pacific, extremely active
• 90% of powerful volcanoes
• 81% of largest earthquakes

History of the Trench

1960 Valdivia Earthquake

• Extremely active
• 12 earthquakes 8.0
• 19 total dating back to 1570-2015
• Known for its massive earthquakes, tsunamis, and

volcanic arc

• 9.5
• Killed between 1,000-6,000
• Cost $5 billion
• Los Lagos volcano (40 years)
• Hawaii 15 hours later, 35 feet

2010 Chile Earthquake

Andean Eruptions

• Nevado Del Ruiz 1985
• 23,000 dead
• $6 billion
• 4th deadliest

• Calbuco 2015, April 30th
• 4,000 people evacuated
• top three most potentially dangerous of Chile’s 90 active volcanoes
• No deaths

• 8.8 magnitude
• Earthquake and tsunami caused over 500 deaths
• Water pressure between the two plates, 375 mile rupture
• Hundreds of aftershocks, 5.0 and greater
• waves 50 ft. high
• waves hit 420 miles inland
• 2 million people affected
• 400,000 homes destroyed
• $15-$30 billion dollars in damage (3rd all time)

Future activity

Andean Volcanic Belt

• Darwin Gap, area between Nazca and coast of Chile
• 1835
• Epicenter

• 4,500 miles long
• Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
• Divided into 4 major volcano zones
• Northern: Nevado Del Ruiz (highly hazardous)
• Central: 44 major and 18 minor
• Southern: east is extinct, west is vigorous
• Chaiten (08-10) Cordon Caulle (2011) Calbuco (2015)
• Austral: Not very active

Peru- Chile Trench

By: Steven Merl