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Zaibatsu

"financial clique"

industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan

Country Transformations

Traveling Into the World

  • 1900 Rail is in excess of 34,000 miles

  • 1870s imported "hired foreigners"

  • Called "the Workshop of Asia"

  • Major Manufacturing: Textiles, Coal and metal mining
  • 1860s Bakufu, Daimyo including Satsuma and Choshu sent students to study in Europe

  • 1871-73 Iwakura Mission

Monarchy Transforms

  • 1868 Imperial procession from Kyoto to Edo

  • 1880 Empress adopted western clothes

  • 1888 Emperor portrait by Italian artist (Eduardo Chiossone) enshrined in all public schools

  • 1889 Permanent capital declared

  • Constitution elevated legal authority from 1880s – 1930s

Bunmei Kaika

(Meiji through Taisho)

Tanizaki Junichiro

Higuchi Ichiyo

Major Events for tomorrow

  • July 24, 1886 - July 30, 1965
  • 2nd most well-known author in Japanese literature
  • wrote erotically charged and ironically witty stories often dealing with cultural conflict
  • styles/influences: French Decadents, Heian Literature
  • 1922 Aguri - beauty, consumer culture,
  • May 2, 1872 – November 23, 1896
  • 24 novels between 1894-1896
  • wrote about candid descriptions of lower class life and Tokyo
  • influenced by Ihara Saikaku (Edo period writer)
  • Takekurabe (Child's Play/Growing Up) written after family moved near Yoshiwara
  • 1905 The Treaty of Portsmouth ends the Russo-Japanese War (1904–5)
  • 1910 Japan officially annexes Korea
  • 1912 Emperor Meiji dies and his third son Yoshihito (Emperor Taisho, 1879–1926) is coronated.
  • 1914 On August 23, Japan declares war against Germany
  • 1916 The first animated film is made in Japan.
  • 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake

Education

  • 1886-1889 Mori Arinori put in tighter control of textbooks

  • 1890 Imperial Rescript on Education

  • 1905 98% of boys and 93% girls attended elementary schools

  • 1905 about 104,000 students went on to middle schools

  • 1905 7 imperial universities

Hiromichi Ozaki

New "Traditional" Japan

Great Revolution

Theatre: Noh & Kabuki reinventions

Art: Fenellosa and Nihonga

Martial Arts: judo and kendo

Sports: Sumo

  • Theatre & Literature
  • Ibsen, Genbun ichi movement
  • Art
  • Yoga
  • Women's Movements
  • Hiratsuka Raicho and Seito

“[G]reat revolution in Japan was to be done not only in politics, but also in society in general, customs, practices, religion, skills, arts, as well as in everyday thinking.”

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