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Gersick's Punctuated Equilibrium Model

Group Development

  • The PEM Basis- not all groups develop in a sequential manner. It is base on time and changes due to internal or external factors of the group.

  • Uniqueness- It was built upon the evolutionary theory of a punctuated equilibrium. (Hurt & Trombley, n.d)

  • Groups remain fairly static, maintaining certain equilibrium/ balance for long periods of time. (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012)

  • Changes occur in brief, punctuated bursts, generally catalyzed by a crisis or problem that breaks through the systemic inertia (inactivity). (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012)

Tuckman's Stages of Group Development Model

  • Group development is the process in which groups move through from the inception of a project to its conclusion. (Gersick, 1988)

  • Many models of group development have been proposed, most models fall into one of two categories (Chang, Bordia, and Duck 2003):

  • Stage models, exemplified by Tuckman's Stages Model (1965)

  • Punctuated equilibrium model (PEM) of Gersick (1988)

How it works...

The PEM suggests that groups go through three phases as they progress toward the accomplishment of a task. Each phase is marked by an increased level of task performance as time runs short and deadlines approach. (Hurt & Trombley, n.d)

Thank you...

Punctuated Equilibrium Model

Phase I of PEM

Phase II of PEM

Transition Point (Midpoint)

  • A group is formed and the first meeting sets the direction of the group.
  • The group will define their goals and make assumptions towards the task that’s given and of the group members.
  • This phase is described with high levels of socialization and relaxation. Therefore, groups show little progress and there are high levels of inertia.
  • The second phase is also considered to be an increased focus on the task and performance.

  • The group also makes the changes as planned in the transition phase. Much more work is accomplished, but no panic to finish yet.

  • After phase II, the group has reached completion of the task.
  • This point is often referred to as the mid-life crisis. It stands at the halfway point of the completion date of a task.

  • A transition that initiates major changes and questioning.

  • It may lead to a shift in goals and/or the way they worked together. The group members put in more effort towards the completion of the task.

  • Other triggers- strong external shock, a change in members of the group, or poor performance
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