Mexican Revolution (1810-1821)
Causes
- Mexican War of Independence was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on September 16, 1810.
- It started as an idealistic peasants' rebellion against their colonial masters, but finally ended as an unlikely alliance between "liberales" (liberals), and "conservadores" (conservatives).
Result and Effects
Major Moments
Major People
Causes Continued
- The struggle for Mexican independence dates back to the conquest of Mexico, when Martín Cortés led a revolt against the Spanish colonial government in order to eliminate the issues of oppression and privileges for the conquistadors.
- The founder and leader of the Mexican Independence movement was Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, the criollo Roman Catholic priest from the small town of Dolores.
- During his seven years at Dolores, Hidalgo y Costilla and several educated criollos organized secret discussion groups.
- During the struggle for independence, Mexico lost one-tenth of its citizens.
- In the decade following separation from Spanish rule, Mexico saw a drastic decline in its gross domestic product (GDP), per capital income, and amount of foreign trade.
- Iturbide's army was joined by rebel forces from all over Mexico. When the rebels' victory became certain, the Viceroy of New Spain resigned.
- Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
- Ignacio Allende
- Juan Aldama
- José María Morelos
- Ignacio López Rayón
- Mariano Matamoros
- Guadalupe Victoria
- Vicente Guerrero
- Félix María Calleja del Rey
- Agustín de Iturbide
- Juan Ruiz de Apodaca
- Ignacio Elizondo
- Agustín de Iturbide
- Antonio López de Santa Anna
- Juan O'Donoju
- After the conspirators were betrayed by a supporter, Hidalgo y Costilla declared war against the colonial government on the late night of September 15, 1810.
- The rebel army captured the warehouse on September 28, and most of the Spaniards and criziollos were massacred or exiled.
- Following the death of Hidalgo y Costilla, the leadership of the revolutionary army was assumed by José María Morelos.
- The Congress signed the first official document of independence known as the "Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America."
- Between 1815 to 1821, most of the fighting by those seeking independence from Spain was done by isolated guerrilla groups.
- The document, known as the Plan de Iguala declared that Mexico would be independent, its religion is to be Roman Catholicism, and its inhabitants were to be united, without distinction between Mexican and European.