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Transcript

The Nervous System

By: Parnjit Bath

This is a diagram of a neuron passing on a signal to another neuron.

http://thatsinteresting.scienceblog.com/files/2013/04/synapse.jpg

I-Search Visual Aid

The Brain Stem

Sending and Receiving Signals

The brain stem is responsible for basic, yet crucial functions, such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. It is made up of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Dendrites

Dendrites use sensory protein to find signals sent by neighboring neurons. The signal is sent through the synapse.

Synapse

The brain stem is the part of the brain highlighted in pink.

Quiz Time!

The signal from the axon is separated into the synapses that branch out from the neuron. The synapses can either attach to another:

- dendrite (axodendritic synapse)

- axon (axoaxonic synapse)

Question #1

Question #3

- cell body (axosomatic synapse)

The Nervous System: Introduction

What are three main parts of the brain?

The Big Picture:

Name two diseases mentioned in this presentation.

a) cerebrum, dendrite, synapse

b) cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

c) synapse, axon, thalamus

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Brain_sagittal_section_stem_highlighted.svg

In the synapse, the message is finally sent to another neuron.

Question #2

What is the difference between the central and peripheral nervous system?

Cell Body

The nervous system is made up of two main parts. The central nervous system, and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consists of thousands of neurons.

Question #4

Axon

In the cell body, the signals from all of the dendrites are summarized into one main message. It is the control center of the neuron. It also decides the neurons shape and behavior.

The nervous system is an important part of who we are. It controls what you think, how you think, and what you do. It is also responsible for simple, yet vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate.

List three different parts of a neuron and their purposes.

The message is then sent down the axon. The axon decides whether or not the message being sent is important enough to be continued.

Passing on the Signal

Peripheral Nervous System

Central Nervous System

Finally the message is sent down to the synapse. But exactly how is the message transferred to another neuron?

1) Vesicles that carry neurotransmitters flow down the axon, and reach the synapse. Neurotransmitters carry the signals that are being sent.

2) The vesicles merge into the presynaptic membrane, and the neurotransmitters are released. The neurotransmitters travel across the synapse to the postsynaptic ending.

3) At the postsynaptic ending on the other neuron, there are receptor sites for the neurotransmitters to pass through. But before the neurotransmitters can pass through, the receptors decide whether or not the message being sent is important enough to be continued. If it is, the message is continued, and if it isn't, the message is discontinued.

The nervous system includes more than 1 billion neurons. Neurons are cells that form the nervous system, and process, relay, and store information. There are two main types of neurons, efferent and afferent. Efferent neurons carry signals away from the central nervous system, and towards different parts of the body. Afferent neurons carry signals towards the central nervous system. The central nervous system also connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.

The central nervous system has the brain and spinal cord, which is a bundle of neurons that send signals to the brain. It is protected by bone, the brain is covered in the skull, while the spinal cord is encased in the backbone.

Cerebellum

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Central_nervous_system.gif

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Neuron-no_labels.png

By the way, there might be a quiz at the end of the presentation, so pay attention! :)

The cerebellum is also known as the "little brain," and takes up 1/10 of the brain's volume. It is responsible for regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance. Like the cerebrum, it also has a wrinkled surface.

The Brain

Different Parts of a Neuron

The cerebellum is the part of the brain that is color coded green.

A neuron consists of many parts, such as:

The brain is one of the most important parts of our body. It is also responsible for many simple, yet crucial body functions. Basically, it consists of three main parts:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Limba_sistemo_sentekste.jpg

Nerve cells make up the gray surface of the cerebrum, which is the cerebral cortex. It is about as thick as your thumb! Underneath the surface, white nerve fibers carry signals from nerve cells to the brain and rest of the body. Because the surface of the cerebrum is wrinkled, it increases the surface of the brain.

Dendrites

Synapse

Cell Body

- cerebrum

- cerebellum

- brain stem

There are so many other parts of the brain, all with different purposes, but it would take too long to name them all. The parts of the brain that I described are just a few major ones.

Axon

The Cerebrum

Nucleus

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, and controls thought and action. It is covered by the cerebral cortex. It is divided into four parts:

Conclusion

Diseases Related to the Nervous System

- frontal lobe

- parietal lobe

- occipital lobe

- temporal lobe

Learning about the nervous system was interesting. I learned a lot of new, useful information throughout my I-Search, and I am glad that I decided to choose this topic.

There are many diseases related to the nervous system, but these are just a few:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg

Thanks for watching!

- Alzheimer's disease

- Parkinson's disease

- multiple schlerosis

- headache

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