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Petition of Right: Created on the 8th of June 1628, the Pention contains restrictions on non-parliamentary, taxation, forced billeting of soldiers, imprisonment without cause, and restricts the use of Martial Law. The parliament refused to grant subsidies to support the war effort, making Charles gathering “forced Loans” with approval from the parliament. This event is important because it is the first time the Parliament stuck up to King Charles. The Pention of right is a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that prohibits the king from infringing. This event is important historically because it was the first time the Kings power was Limited.

Short Parliament: The Short Parliament was a Parliament of England that lasted from April 13 to May 5 1640 during the reign of King Charles I of England. It was called the short parliament because it lasted three weeks. After 11 years of trying Personal rule, Charles recalled the Parliament in 1640. He needed to call the Short Parliament because he needed to obtain money to finance his military struggle. This event is important historically because it shows that Charles I was desperate for money.

The Grand Remonstrance: The grand Remonstrance was a proposition to change the role of the king in the government and to remove many of his powers. However the Parliament had a problem. How much power did the Monarch have by right? How far could the parliament go to taking away rights from the king? There had been a lot of unsolved issues about the Kings rights from the Magna Carta. Nobody really knew what the limitations of the royal prerogative where. Charles learned that the Commons was badly divides. Radical members wanted to take away most of his powers, but others just wanted to know for sure that the king would rule the country according to law and tradition. This is an important event historically because it was the first time they talked about changing the role of the king.

Civil War: Civil war is a war where the people in the same country fight each other, and even friends and family take different sides. One day in 1642 Charles raised his standard and that created conflict that, for 7 years, tore his country apart. He was probably hoping for a quick victory. There was no English army and both of the sides hand to create an army. Charles had supporters that were “Royalists” and “Cavaliers” that knew how to ride and fight. The parliament’s troops had almost no military experience. Charles won a number of small battles but could never gain a decisive victory. The Parliament made an alliance with the scots. The scots built a more modern army and the leader of the army was Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell’s army defeated King Charles’s army and Charles forcefully left Scotland. From there he was made prisoner and was handed over to the parliament. This is an important event historically because it was the start of the Civil War.

Trial of the King: The charge of treason against the king was revolutionary. In 1649, the definition of treason was the act of trying to overthrow the king, so this means Charles was on trial for trying to overthrow himself. On the day of Charles death, he was determined to die with Dignity. This is important historically because it was the death of King Charles.

Execution of Charles I: A country without a monarch is called a republic. Although the execution of Charles I didn’t make England a republic. By ancient right, Charles son would become Charles II. The “common wealth” or more commonly known as the English Republic, actually came into being when the Rump Parliament voted to end the Monarchy and the house of the Lords. Many people disagreed with the decision of the Rump Parliament and questioned all its rights to make any decisions at all. This was important historically because it shows that the people were desperate for a new king.

The Lord and Protector, Oliver Cromwell: The Rump Parliament seemed unable to govern the country and Cromwell lost patience. The army wanted more influence and also wanted to be paid. When the members from the Rump Parliament refused to hold an election unless they were guaranteed their seats, Cromwell marched in and drove the members out with troops and soldiers. Soon after, senior army officers named Oliver Cromwell the lord protector or Military Dictator of England. Cromwell’s Military dictatorship was very unpopular, but was too strong to be resisted. This is important historically because it was when Oliver Cromwell took a stand up against the Rump Parliament.

Charles II: After Cromwell’s death the new Parliament decided to recreate the Monarchy and the house of the lords. In 1660 the rump parliament invited Charles II to become King. The people of England didn’t want any more war and they finally got to enjoy the theater and other entertainments, so they were pleased with this decision. However the Parliament wanted King Charles II to rule as a constitutional monarch, with his powers set out by parliament. Charles accepted the limitations of his power but secretly planned to regain the power his father lost. Charles made sure that he would have a majority of supporters in the Parliament who was making sure he was elected. He did this through persuasion, bribery and blackmail and these people became to be known as “Tories”. Thirteen members of the rump parliament were hanged. They were taken down before death and had their insides removed. Their bodies were cut into four pieces and were hung around the country as warnings to others. This was important historically because it showed that the people needed a king and that Charles wanted to prove a point as king.

Glorious Revolution: After the death of King Charles, his brother James II was made king. This caused problems because he was catholic and most of England was Christian. A few years earlier, a man named Titus Oates had caused the country to panic when he created a story about a catholic plot to take over the Nation. James got on the bad side of the Parliament by giving high offices to Catholics. He intended to return England to Catholics and he believed in the divine right of kings. Rebellions soon broke out and the support for James II disappeared. Judge Jefferies conducted courts that killed so many people suspected of being rebels that they became known as “Bloody Assizes”. In 1628 Mary and her Husband, William of Orange, agreed to become king and queen of England. Eventually James left the country, abdicating his throne. This became known as “the Glorious Revolution”. This was important historically because it showed that England was scared to change their religion and it was one of the main reasons Mary and William became King and Queen.

English Civil War Timeline

The Rump Parliament: In 1642, the beginning of the civil war, many of the Parliament who voted against the grand remonstrance left. This left the Parliament on two different sides, the Presbyterians and the Puritans. The Puritans wanted churches to be completely independent of one another. The Presbyterians wanted churches to be organised so that people worshipped the same way everywhere. The Presbyterians didn’t care for the return of Charles, only if he agreed to limited power. The Puritans on the other hand, wanted to end the monarchy. In the end the “Rump Parliament” put Charles on trial for his life. This is important historically because it was the main reason for the death of King Charles.

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