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Research Study #1

MAJOR CONCEPTS

Patient vs Client

Modeling and role-modeling theory: a case study of holistic care.

This study showed how the theory of Modeling and Role-modeling could be beneficial to the patient, to overcome weakness and begin a journey towards healing.

The study found that Erickson's theory enabled the nurse to look at the patient with awareness and respect, that promotes care based on the individual.

http://nexus.harding.edu:2427/eds/detail/detail?vid=6&sid=cd62e513cc70-4bfe-9577-4f9535b1bae8@sessionmgr4009&hid=4113&bdata=JkF1dGhUeXBlPWlwJnNjb3BlPXNpdGU=#AN=107374017&db=ccm

Person

  • Erickson makes the distinction that there is a difference between a "patient" and a "client".
  • A patient is a passive member of the team, taking instruction without any input into treatment.
  • A client is active in his or her care and has as much control as possible.

Environment

Generality

  • Similarities
  • Holistic beings
  • Basic needs
  • Lifetime growth and development
  • Differences
  • Inherent endowment
  • Adaptation
  • Mind-body relationships
  • Self-care

  • The environment is defined as part of the social subsystems, and the interaction between the client and other individuals
  • Stressors may be part of the environment

Importance

Modeling

  • This theory is important in that it challenges nurses and practitioners to progress towards a goal of patient model focused caring.
  • There have been many studies performed and research generated due to the presence of Erickson's theory.
  • Generates new ideas, therefore proving its worth.
  • Addresses nursing practice, education, and administration, making it very valuable to all aspects of nursing.
  • Able to generalize to most professional nursing practices
  • Major assumptions are broad and can be applied to many different nursing scenarios
  • May be hard to apply to patients that are nonverbal

Nurse

Health

  • Interacts with client and facilitates achievement of optimal health goals.
  • Nurtures the client's personal model with appreciation and guidance.
  • Accepts the client as they are under any circumstances, with empathy and respect.

Accessibility

  • Process in which the nurse begins to understand the client and his/her perspective
  • The nurse appreciates the client's perspective as a unique extension of the client.
  • Uses this information to develop a better understanding of the client, and how to plan treatment accordingly.

  • Erickson defines health as "a state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (Erickson, 2014).
  • Operationally defined concepts, identifiable subconcepts, and the clear definitions, make this theory easily testable by any practitioner.
  • The theory is empirical, and outlines are provided for the use of the theory.
  • Evidence is given for validity, and the theory is available for further research.

Role-Modeling

  • Role-modeling occurs when the nurse uses understanding gained from the modeling process to plan interventions individualized for the client.
  • Acceptance of the client's perspective must be respected while being true to the practice of nursing, and encouraging the client to broaden their perspective in a manner in which they are comfortable.
  • This phase begins as the nursing process moves from assessment to planning

Research Study #2

Clarity

  • The theory is presented very clearly by Erickson
  • Definitions are clearly defined
  • Explanations are in laymen terms, making it easy for anyone to read
  • Examples are given for better understanding
  • Progression from assumptions to assertions

References

Modelling and role-modelling: integrating nursing theory into practice

This study applies the Modeling and Role-modeling theory to several case studies with different scenarios and outcomes.

The research found that this theory had the theoretical ability to be applied to situations in which the nurse was frustrated with the outcome, and help him or her better understand those experiences.

It also found that the theory had the scientific foundation, to improve the nursing practice.

http://nexus.harding.edu:2429/ehost/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=78d5b4d8-4408-4954-b9a1-a9664a5506cd%40sessionmgr106&hid=111

Simplicity

  • Appears simple at first glance, but is quite complex the deeper you get into the theory.
  • Based on biological and psychological theories.
  • Assertions add depth, and increase complexity.
  • Facilitate perceived control

Chinn, P. L. & Kramer, M. K. (1991). Critical reflection of nursing theory. In P. L. Chinn & M. K. Kramer (Eds). Theory and Nursing: A Systematic Approach. 3rd ed. pp. 127-139. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book

Erickson, M.E. (2014). Modeling and role-modeling. In M.R. Alligood (Ed.), Nursing theorists and their work (pp. 496-519). (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby

Sappington, J. & Kelley, J. Modeling and role-modeling theory: a case study of holistic care. Journal Of Holistic Nursing, 14(2). 130-141

Walsh, K. K., VandenBosch, T. M., & Boehm, S. (1989). Modelling and role-modeling: integrating nursing theory into practice. Journal Of Advanced Nursing, 14 (9), 755-761. doi:10.1111/1365-2648.ep8529691

Theoretical Sources

  • Set health-directed mutual goals
  • Promote Positive Orientation
  • Maslow's Theory of Human Needs
  • Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
  • Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
  • Erickson's Adaptive Potential Assessment Model

Critique of Theory

  • Affirm and promote client strengths

Theory of Modeling and Role-modeling

5 Aims of Nursing Interventions

HISTORY

Implications for the Family Nurse Practitioner

  • Is it clear
  • Is it simple
  • Is it general
  • Is it accessible
  • Is it important
  • Developed with Evelyn Tomblin and Mary Ann Swain
  • Client-focused theory that puts the client's perception at the center of the nurse-client relationship.
  • Includes concepts from several known theorist including Erickson's father-in-laws Adaptive Potential Assessment Model (APAM)
  • Build Trust
  • Collaborate with the client
  • Build a trusting relationship with the patient based off of respect and understanding of the patient's views.
  • Create interventions that are specific to the client
  • Include the client in his or her plan of care.

Academic Career

  • University of Michigan School of Nursing 1978-1986
  • University of South Carolina College of Nursing 1986-1988
  • University of Texas School of Nursing 1988

Credentials

Application of Theory

  • Diploma of Nursing: Saginaw General Hospital 1957
  • BSN: University of Michigan 1974
  • MSN:University of Michigan 1976
  • EdD: University of Michigan 1984

Implications for Christian practice

Background

In this theory, there are several concepts that can be used in Christian practice.

  • Accepting others as is, and respecting their perspective
  • Helping the patient grow spiritually as part of the holistic care that the theory promotes
  • Giving comfort and reassurance in a client's time of need
  • Born in 1937
  • Became a nurse in 1957
  • Began to formulate her theory ideas in mid 70s
  • Published the Modeling and Role-modeling theory in 1983

Wherefore receive ye one another, as Christ also received us to the glory of God. -Hebrews 15:7

Helen Erickson:

Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory

A Presentation by:

Anna Davis, BSN RN, EMT-B

Harding University

Searcy, AR

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