INSTru

How to apply skimming strategy:

(1) Read the title,

(2) Read the introduction of lead paragraph,

(3) Read the first paragraph completely, if there are subheadings, read each one, looking for relationship among them,

(4) Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph,

(5) Dip into the text to looking for clue words, proper noun,

unusual words, enumeration, qualifying adjective, typographical cues,

(6) Read the final paragraph completely.

When proficient readers infer, they:

 Draw conclusions from text;

 Make reasonable predictions as they read, test and revise those predictions as they read further;

 Create dynamic interpretations of text that are adapted as they continue to read;

 Use the combination of background knowledge and explicitly stated information from the text to answer questions they have as they read;

 Make connections between conclusions they draw and other beliefs or knowledge;

 Make critical or analytical judgments about what they read

(Keene and Zimmerman, 1997)

Borrowing

One of the most common sources of new words.

Arabic

French

Turkish

Language skills

Italian

Part III

False friends

Cognates

Vocabulary

Grammar

False cognates

REFERENCES

Analyze these sentences

How would answer this test?

A false cognate is a word that appears to be related to another word but in fact is not, as it is not derived from the same roots.

Analyze each question

with your group

CLEAN

a) The cottage needs a good clean.

b) He clean forgot about dropping the letters in the post box.

c) The entertainment was good clean fun for the whole family.

d) He cleaned up his act and came off drugs.

Focus on the learner

Read the text 'A Day at work' on page 8:

Underline cognates blue and false cognates red

Learners have different attitudes, needs and interests

SOLÉ, Isabel. Estratégias de Leitura. 6.ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2008.194 p.

Keene and Zimmerman (1997)

Keene, E. O., & Zimmerman, S. (1997) Mosaic of thought: Teaching reading comprehension in a reader’s workshop. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann

MURPHY, Raymond. Essential Grammar in Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2007.

NUTTAL, Christine. Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language. 3rd ed. Macmillan, 2005.

OXFORD, Escolar. Dicionário para estudantes brasileiros de inglês. Português-inglês/inglês-português. 2ª Ed. Oxford University Press, 2011.

REJANI, Márcia. Learning English through texts. v.1. São Paulo, Texto Novo, 2003.

SOLÉ, I. Estratégias de leitura. Porto alegre: Artes médicas, 1998.

SOUZA, Adriana G. Fiori; et al. Leitura em língua inglesa: uma abordagem instrumental. São Paulo: Disal, 2005

OLIVEIRA, Nádia Alves de. Para Ler em inglês - desenvolvimento da habilidade de leitura, Belo Horizonte: Gráfica e Editora O lutador. 2002.

TAVARES, Kátia C. A; BECHER-COSTA, Sílvia B.A; FRANCO, Claudio de Paiva (orgs.). O Ensino de Leitura: fundamentos, práticas e reflexões para professores da era digital. Rio de Janeiro: Faculdade de Letras da UFRJ, 2011.

WEBSITES:

https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/br/exams-and-tests/

www.sk.com.br

https://www.ets.org/pt/toefl

https://www.ielts.org/

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ESP

Before reading

ESP has developed at different speeds in different countries

learner-centered education

Activating Prior Knowledge

Setting Purposes for Reading

Predicting

The main purpose of an ESP course was to

produce a syllabus which gave a high priority to the language forms students would meet in their field and in turn would give low priority to forms they would not meet.

During reading

Skimming

Decoding Text

Visualizing

Asking Questions

Monitoring Comprehension

What is reading

skimming is a technique in looking for a text to get a quick idea of the gist of a text. (Harmer, 2001, p.202)

After reading

Like the world, language study and concepts of education fundamentally changed, the

English language teaching changed with it, and knew the birth of teaching English for

Specific Purposes which is considered as the direct result of the world evolution.

skimming is the process of rapid coverage of reading matter to determine its gist or main idea.

(Brown, 2004, p.213)

Summarizing and Reflecting

PRACTICE 01: page 6

Solé define a leitura como “ um processo de interação entre o leitor e o texto” (Solé, 2008, p.22);

Definição de leitura para Ausubel “o ato de ler, o leitor deve ler para aprender, gerando uma aprendizagem significativa e implica em atribuir significado ao conteúdo em questão” (Ausebel apud SOLÉ, 2008, p.45)

The importance of Morphology

I can can a can

SOBRE VILOGURÇOS

Prediction

Blending

Activates background knowledge, peeking or previewing and over viewing or summarizing. Though often seen as a single strategy, it is actually a multifaceted on going process.

(Thomas-Fair, 2005)

Target situation analysis

Derivation

PREZI suffixes AND PREFIXES

The purpose is to enable learners to function in situations which the learners will use the language they are learning, then the ESP course design process should proceed by first identifying the target situation and then carrying out the right analysis of the linguistic parts of that situation.

Compounding

How long does it take?

What is the English level demanded?

In which language should I answer it?

Can I use some tools?

Let's take a look!

Test analysis

What strategies can you use in order

to properly accomplish each task?

TYPES OF ESP

PRACTICE 02: page 7-8

Scanning

a-English as a restricted language.

For example: Air Traffic Controller;

b-English for Academic and Occupational Purpose.

For Science and Technology

For Business and Economic

For Social Studies.

c-English for Specific Topics – IT is uniquely concerned with anticipatory future needs like requiring English to work in foreign institutions, attending conferences, postgraduate studies.

David Carter (1983)

Scanning tips:

(1) Keep in mind at all the time what is you are searching for,

(2) Anticipate in what form the information is likely to appear numbers, proper nouns, etc,

(3) Analyze the organization of the content before starting to scan. If the material is familiar or fairly brief, we may able to scan the entire article in a single search. But if the material is long or difficult, it may be necessary to determine which part of the article to scan.

(4) Let your eyes run rapidly over several lines of print at a time,

(5) Read the entire sentence when you find the sentence that has the information you seek.

Clipping

PRACTICE 01: page 06

Look for:

MFL meaning

the term dowturn

Skill and strategies

Study situation = where the medium of instructions is the mother tongue but students need to read a number of specialist texts which are available only in English.

Coinage

Focus on strategies

Beyond the sentence:

rhetorical or discourse analysis

Making Inference

Inferential comprehension is often described simply as the ability to read between the lines. It requires a reader to blend the literal content of a selection with prior knowledge, intuition, and imagination for conjecture or to make hypotheses.

Basic questions

Rhetorical patterns of text organization differed significantly between specialist

area of use. The structure placed according to the area of work or study. The typical

teaching materials based on the discourse approach taught students to recognize textual patterns and discourse markers mainly by means of text diagramming exercises.

Name

Age

Job (first job)

birthplace

ethnic / cultural background

Level 2

favorite emoji

favorite holiday

name you would pick

person you like the most

Level 3

good at.... bad at...

dream about

others

Acronyms

PRACTICE 01: page 6

Tell my story

Skimming

skimming is a strategy of rapidly moving the eyes over the text with the purpose of getting only the main ideas and the general overview of the content (Arundel, 1999).

PRACTICE 01: page 6

Conversion

Cognates

a guess

Cognate languages and words have the same origin, or are related and in some way similar:

The Italian word "mangiare" (= to eat) is cognate with the French "manger".

a spy

a must

Inglês Instrumental para Mestrado e Exames Internacionais

Reading Strategies and techniques

Example 1: informal

- Why is he so shy today?

- He is ashamed of his bad deeds.

Example 2: formal

- Why is he so timid?

- He is remorseful of his delinquency.

What are reading strategies ?

Do you know any?

ESP DEFINITIONS

Warm-up

What is ESP?

October 19th

Parte I – Manhã

Inglês para fins específicos

Habilidade de leitura

Diferença entre ESP e EGP

Habilidades testadas em exames de proficiência

Estratégias de leitura: antes, durante e depois do texto.

Parte I – Tarde

Aspectos linguísticos e estruturais:

Palavras cognatas

Classes de palavras

Tempos verbais

Avaliação do módulo

Exame de proficiência

pages: 3-4

Ice breaker

Part II

Master's degree proficiency test

How do they work in Brazil?

Economic or economical?

Economic and economical are adjectives.

We use economic to mean

‘related to trade, industry or money’:

The economic forecast for next year is not good.

The President spoke mostly about economic policy.

We use economical to mean

‘not using a lot of money’:

Hybrid cars are very economical.

(They do not cost a lot of money to run.)

Solar energy for your home is expensive in the short term but it is more economical in the long term.

Verb tenses

A revolution in linguistics

Scanning

Scanning strategy is the strategy for quickly finding specific information in a text while ignoring its broader meaning (Brown, 2001).

Traditional approach = study centred on grammar rules

Maxwell (1970) stated that scanning is the ability to locate specific facts and details quickly.

Profa. Ma. Luana Rodrigues

The English needed by engineers, doctors, linguists or officers “could be identified by analyzing the linguistic characteristics of their specialist area of work or study. "Tell me what you need English for and I will tell you the English that you need‟ became the guiding principle of ESP” (Hutchison; Waters, 1987, p.8).

ESP = students needs

WORD FORMATION

Prediction vs reference

Both words refer to a conclusion based on some sort of fact, experience or observation

Processes

1. Borrowing

2. Compounding : Blending

3. Clipping: Hypocorisms, Backformation

4. Conversion

5. Coinage: •Acronyms

6. Derivation: Prefixes, suffixes, and infixes

Loan-translation (Calque)

Difference between

ESP and EGP

Theory = no difference

practice = great deal of difference

THE ORIGINS OF ESP

characteristic

student's profile

Parts of speech

semantic calque

literal translation

Roots: Teaching language for specific purposes (LSP) can be traced as far back as the Greek and Roman empires

approach

bias

page: 5

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) emerged at the end of Second World War

main reasons for ESP:

• The demands of a brave new world,
• a revolution in linguistics and
• a new focus on the learner