COTTON

INTEGERATED TERM PROJECT

~COTTON~

• Good affinity towards dyes.
• Strong affinity towards strong alkalis.
• It is damaged by exposure to high heat (300°F or higher).
• It is flammable and burns with burning paper odour producing grey ash.
• Good conductor of electricity.
• Attacked by mildew when stored in damp,dark,warm places.
• Weakened by resins during finishing.
• Shrinks when washed, unless treated.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY

PHYSiCAL PROPERTIES

APPLICATIONS

• Breeding of insect resistant cotton.
• BXN cotton- a herbicide -tolerant cotton.
• Practising precision farming is sustainable.
• Precision farming results in net increase in fertilizer and other chemical use.

• Lint is used for making clothes.
• It is processed and used in automobile cushions, padding mattresses,furniture.
• Cotton seed oil is used for cooking, shortening and salad dressing.
• The meal and hull are used for feeding livestock and as fertilizer.
• It is used in medical industry.

• The cotton fiber is characterized by convolutions.

• The cross sectional shape of cotton is like a bean.

• It is usually creamy white or yellowish in color.

• The length ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 inches.

• Low elongation with poor recovery.

• Abrasion resistance is good.

• No static buildup.

• Low luster.

• Tenacity of cotton increases when wet.

• The absorbency of cotton is good as it has a moisture regain.

Drawing yarns

Cotton-the fabric

Weaving

Lint pressed into bales

Ginning

PRODUCTION

Cotton modules

Ripe cotton

Cotton boll

Harvesting cotton

Cotton bloom

Cotton pressed into modules

Cotton seedlings

from field to fabric

Based on staple length

Based on production

CLASSIFICATION

Short-staple cotton

Intermediate-staple cotton

Long-staple cotton

Organic cotton

Transition cotton

GM cotton

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

• Cotton is produced in all the continents except antartica.
• The cotton industry relies heavily on chemicals like fertilisers and insecticides.
• It is harvested mechanically by a cotton picker or by cotton stripper.
• It is a perennial crop.
• It is a close relative of okra and hibiscus.
• The logistics of cotton harvesting and processing have been improved by the development of the cotton module builder.

OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the impacts of emerging technology in the cotton industry.

2. To understand how cotton is connected with our everyday life.

3. To study the special properties of cotton.

4. Examine the future direction of technical advancements in cotton production.

INTRODUCTION

• It takes more than 20,000 l of water to produce 1 kg of cotton.
• Unsafe use of insectide and pesticides has severe health impacts on farmers and land.
• Unsustainable cotton farming results in destruction of large scale ecosystems and deteriorating health and livehoods of people near it.
• GM cotton kills livestocks as it's meal and hulls are used as feed for them.

• Cotton is the leading plant fibre.
• It is grown in temperate and tropical regions.
• It is produced in more than 50 countries with a total coverage of 34 million ha.
• It is grown in regions of hot and dry weather and adequate moisture.
• China is the country with highest productivity level and India is the largest producer.
• The major cotton producing countries are China, India, USA and Pakistan

HISTORY

• The first reference to cotton is found in a Rig-Veda written in 5th century BC.
• No one exactly know how old cotton is.
• Indus valley and Nile valley civilization used cotton 3000 years back.
• Europe started using cotton in about 800 A.D.
• By 1500 it was grown throught the world.
• It was first spun by machinery in 1730 in England.

PROCESSING STAGES

THANK YOU

• Ginning
• Opening, blending and cleaning
• Carding
• Drawing
• Combing
• Roving
• Spinning
• Finishing

A presentation by

~DONA ANN MARY

~SAI KISHAN