Ojibwa

• today, most modern day Ojibwa are Roman Catholics or Protestant Episcopalians

Politics

Standout/ Main Chiefs

-Chief Buffalo(Ke-che-waish-ke)

-White Cloud(Waabaanakwad)

-Wawatam

-Chief Rocky Boy

-Medwedanoonind

-John Jones

Wars

-The Ojibwa and Dakota began to fight over the region around the western point of Lake Superior and the headwaters of the Mississippi River in MInnesota.

-The Ojibwa were particularly active during the final conflict, the French and Indian War. When France lost Canada and the Midwest to British, the Ojibwa did not trust their new colonial overlords.

Ojibwa

By: EMma FIsher, Ashley Best, & KAitlin Frazier

Economy

Religion

AKA: Chippewa

Interesting Facts

The Ojibwa first earned money through the sale of land or timber rights.

• focused on inward personal experience
• spirits were called manitou or manidoo
• the creator was called Gitchie Manitou
• evil spirits were called Manjimanidoo
• the Ojibwa considered themselves as one element of nature- no greater or less significant than any other living being
• tobacco was considered sacred and smoked in pipes or scattered on lakes to bless a crossing, a harvest, or a herd or to seal agreements between peoples of different tribes
• dreams carried great significance and dream catchers were used to capture good dreams
• sweat lodges were used to cure illnesses and procure dreams
• developed a Grand Medicine Society or Midewiwin religion
• in the early 19th century, many Ojibwas became followers of Tenskwatawa (brother of Shawnee warrior, Tecumseh)

With the arrival of the fur trade, the Ojibwa learned to barter for goods that generally could be consumed in a year.

• Women were allowed to marry at the age of 14 or 15.

Boys were allowed to marry as soon as they could

demonstrate that they could support a family through hunting.

• The Ojibwa are the third largest Native American

tribe in the United States, only the Cherokee and Navajo are bigger.

• The Ojibwa are considered heroes because they were the only

Native American tribe to defeat the Sioux.

Today

Culture

They support themselves through seasonal work,

including forestry, farming, tourism, trapping,

and wild ricing, also support small businesses.

Saving money was not a tradition and the amount they received was low, incomes were disposable and might be barely sufficient for a meager living.

Passage of Indian Gaming Regulation Act of 1988, allowed new employment related to gaming, bingo halls, casinos and spin-off businesses, such as gas stations, hotels, and restaurants.

Music

(played for Pow Wows)

Bibliography

• Counted time by 24 hour intervals (nights), months (moons), and years (winters)- sometimes counted by making notches on sticks
• They moved many times a year in order to be close to food sources
• Lived in hunting camps in late fall and winter (men trapped and hunted while women sewed and tanned hides)
• Families engaged in storytelling- most stories were about Nanabush (half-human, half-spirit trickster)
• Gambling was popular and was accompanied by drumming and singing

Pictures

-Grand Entry Song

-Victory Song

-Intertribal Song

-Friendship Song

-Honour Song

-Traditional Song

-Grass Dance Song

-Feast Song

-Give Away Song

-Jingle Dance Song

-Fancy Dance Song

-Hoop Dance Song

-Elder’s Song

-Veteran’s Song

-Picking up the Eagle Feather Song

-Eagle Song

-Flag Song

• http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/images/firstnations/teachers_guide/woodland_hunters/ojibwa_deadfall.jpg
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Nicotiana_Tobacco_Plants_1909px.jpg
• https://amin210.wikispaces.com/file/view/dreamcatcher211.gif/220492130/201x314/dreamcatcher211.gif
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Wild_rice_harvesting_19th_century.jpg
• http://www.countryfarm-lifestyles.com/images/Ojibwe-woman-tapping-a-maple-tree.jpg
• http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Autumn07/images/Math31A_R1.jpg
• http://education.mnhs.org/sites/default/files/styles/nl_large_image/public/images/nl/4-17_0.jpg?itok=gvjl67na
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Ojibwe_wiigiwaam_and_Dakota-style_tipis,_White_Earth_1928.jpg
• http://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/sites/default/files/imagecache/collection_full_page/collections/35761.jpg
• http://diversityfoundation.org/pictures/DennisBanks-FrozenRiverFilmFestival/DennisBanks-1970s.jpg
• http://www.teamusa.org/~/media/TeamUSA/Athlete%20Headshots/2014USOlympicTeam/Mens_Ice_Hockey_Oshie_TJ_site.jpg?h=250&la=en&mh=250&mw=150&w=150
• http://img3.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20120320063912/prisonbreak/images/b/bf/Jason-behr-0.jpg
• http://nativeamericans.mrdonn.org/northeast/ojibwa/games.html
• http://cdn.bleacherreport.net/images_root/slides/photos/000/519/888/Grover-Cleveland-Alexander_display_image.jpg?1290470502
• https://sp.yimg.com/ib/th?id=HN.608047904952748476&pid=15.1&P=0
• http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/236x/43/8f/17/438f177cc6930d9bac145332126e00df.jpg
• http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XzKsmXfdkYE/UrCBPrXqzeI/AAAAAAAAPK0/WQVMKpdBvq4/s1600/Ojibwa+Indians-games.jpg
• http://www.findfast.org/tribes-native-americans/chippewa-ojibwe.jpg
• http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26568/26568-h/images/plates/platevii.jpg

Location & Dwelling

Tools

Dance

Information

-Round/Circle Dance: a ring of people who dance in unison. Circling to the left facing inward

-Straight Line Dance: One of the oldest Plains Indian dances. It has a primary straight posture and the dancers move up and down, keeping in beat with the drum.

-Slide/Shuffle Dance: The music has a double beat but can be changed to more staggering beat to become the Crow Hop dance.

-Stomp Dance: The dance starts in a kneeling position and precedes to imitate bravery in battle.

-Grass Dance: one of the oldest dances still used in Pow Wow today. The dancers imitate grass swaying in the wind.

-Jingle Dress Dance: As you can guess, the dancers wear a “jingly” dress covered with various objects such as: small hawk bells, shells, and sewing thimbles. This dance originated as a medicine dance.

-Fancy Shawl Dance: one of the most popular dances with women; it started with middle-aged, tribal women and spread to the younger as well.

Food

• Ojibwa (Encyclopedia.com)

By: Roy, Loriene, Jennifer Brown, Gerald Reid, "Ojibwa." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2014, "Ojibwa." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009, "Ojibwa." World Encyclopedia. 2005, and "Ojibwa." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007.

<http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Ojibwa.aspx>.

• "Countries and Their Cultures." Ojibwa. Loriene Roy, n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014. <http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Le-Pa/Ojibwa.html#ixzz3ICT1YoxH>.
• "Ojibwe Lifeway: Maple Sugaring and Birch Bark Harvesting ("ziigwan"-spring)." GWOW. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014. <http://www.g-wow.org/en-us/maple_birch/default.aspx>.
• "Ojibwe Indians." Ojibwe Indians. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014. <http://web2.geo.msu.edu/geogmich/ojibwe.html>.
• "The Ojibwe Native Americans." - Food. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014. <http://ojibwenativeamericans.weebly.com/food.htm>.
• "Food." - Indian Country Wisconsin. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014. <http://www.mpm.edu/wirp/ICW-26.html>.
• "The Eastern Woodland Hunters - Food / Hunting / Tools." The Eastern Woodland Hunters - Food / Hunting / Tools. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2014. <http://firstpeoplesofcanada.com/fp_groups/fp_wh3.html>.
• Redish, Laura, and Orrrin Lewis. "Ojibway Indian Fact Sheet." Facts for Kids: Ojibwa Indians (Chippewas, Ojibways). 1 Jan. 1998. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. <http://www.bigorrin.org/chippewa_kids.htm>.
• Flett, Harold. "Customs and Beliefs." Customs and Beliefs. Chi Ki Ken Da Mun. 19 Apr 2008 <http://www.nald.ca/CLR/chikiken/titleiii.htm>.
• Roy, Lorene. "Ojibwa." Ojibwa. 27 Apr 2008 <http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Le-Pa/Ojibwa.html>.

• Originally, they lived in Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, North Dakota, and Ontario (Canada).
• Lived in wigwams and tipis that were known for their portability and their quick build.
• Wigwams could be built within one day and were made by bending peeled green ironwood saplings into arches, lashing the arches into a circular or oval shape with basswood fiber, weaving birch bark strips or rush, cedar bark, or cattail mats around the saplings.
• The wigwams had a door and a hole on top to emit smoke from the cooking fire.

• Most tools were made of wood or bark
• For hunting they used bows, arrows, lances, traps, snares, and deadfalls
• For fishing they used hooks, leisters, weirs, and nets
• For harvesting rice they used special paddles called knockers
• All the tools were made by the Ojibwa people

Video

http://ojibwenativeamericans.weebly.com/traditions.html

• They obtained most of their foods by hunting, fishing, and gathering crops.
• The Woodland Indians of the Ojibwa Tribe hunted mainly small game like raccoons, muskrat, beaver, elk, and deer; the Plains Indians hunted buffalo. (mainly in the fall)
• Ojibwa families cultivated their own gardens for subsistence- planted pumpkins, corn, squash, and potatoes.
• They performed Sugar Bushing where a group of people would tap the bark of maple trees (in February) and let the sap flow into a bucket. They then boiled the sap and left it in that form to be used in foods, let it harden into candies, or processed it into maple syrup.
• Their staples were corn, beans, and squash.
• They also harvested and gathered wild rice, nuts, berries, and fruit.

Today

Today, they live on federally recognized reservations located in Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, Montana, and North Dakota.

Inventions and Technology

Hairstyles and what they wear now.

Fashion/Hairstyles

What did their clothes look like?

-wore leather headbands with feathers standing straight up in the back

-In times of war, some Ojibwa men shaved their heads in the Mohawk style

-Men and women both wore their hair in long braids

-Men wore leggings and breechcloths

-Women wore deerskin dresses and leggings

-Women and Men alike wore moccasins, also made of deerskins

-Clothing was traditionally decorated with bones, porcupine quills, feather and shells

-Women’s dresses were made with two deerskins, one in front and one in back and had detachable sleeves

-Leggings for both men and women were made of deerskin formed into a tube and fastened to a belt using tie-on thongs

-Moccasins were made of soft deerskin, and even the sole was soft

-Typically the Moccasins had a central seam running down the length of the top foot

-Had a cuff sewn around the back of the ankle; this cuff was traditionally decorated with beads or quills

-Some Ojibwa people still wear moccasins or a beaded shirt

-They also wear modern clothes like jeans instead of breechcloths

-They only wear feathers or roaches in their hair on special occasions like a dance

The Ojibwa founded maple sugar and wild rice. They have also invented hammocks, snowshoes, canoes, the game lacrosse, toboggans (sleds), and storage containers.

Recreation & Leisure

Games

Celebrities

Popular accessories

• Butterfly Hide and Seek: Butterfly Hide and Seek was a quiet game. It was a fun game that also taught needed skills.
• The Moccasin Game: The Moccasin Game was a noisy game. You had to get permission from the village elders to play the Moccasin Game.
• Lacrosse: Lacrosse was a rough game. It was also a national game - the best players formed village teams, and villages played villages.
• Sep: Sep was a fall asleep game, rather like a funny bedtime story, with a prize. Sep was played by the whole village.

-Men wore headdresses, for ceremonial occasions

-Some of these involved yarn wrapped around the head with feathers inserted.

-Fancier headdresses were made of otter skin sewn into a tube shape, then decorated with bead, eagle feathers and ribbons

-War headdresses added a crest of animal hair that ran down the back of the wearer’s neck; typically deer or moose hair was used, though porcupine quills and turkey feathers also served a purpose

The bark off of the Birch tree provides high grade lumber, maple sugar and veneer used in construction and furniture making.

Ojibwa people also added more words to our current language. Such as moccasin and moose.

Video

http://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/why-we-need-ojibwe-peoples-dictionary

Ted Nolan- Hockey legend

Dennis Banks- Native American activist

Jordan Nolan- LA Kings Hockey player

Arron Asham- Hockey player

Jason Behr- Actor

Chief Bender- Baseball player

Thomas St. Shawanda- Country music singer

TJ Oshe- 2014 Olympic Men's Hockey Team

Shania Twain- Country music singer

Venue

• mostly played around their communities and near their dwellings