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CROWDING INTO THE BEHAVIORAL SINK Calhoun, J. B. (1962). Pop
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Examples & Applications
- A study found that crowded prisons have higher rates of mortality, homicide, suicide, and illness
- Another study found that people are at a higher risk of developing psychological disorder if living in high-density urban environment
- Researchers found that people were able to perform task more efficiently when in less crowded settings .
Conclusion
- Its clear that the natural social and survival behaviors were drastically altered in the rats of pens 3 and 4
- These changes were highly due in part because of the overcrowded environment.
- Calhoun did not apply his findings to humans because of the differences in anatomies of animals and people.
- It should be noted that overcrowded environments can factor into changes in behaviors of any species.
Results
- Rats in pens 1 and 4 stayed at about 8-12 females and 1 male.
- The rest of the 60 or so rats stayed in the middle, 3 and 4 pens.
- These rats exhibited behaviors of aggression, submissiveness, sexual deviance, and reproductive abnormalities.
- Rats in the middle pens were considered the behavioral sink.
- Behavioral Sink: " The outcome of any behavioral process that collects animals together in unusually great numbers. The unhealthy connotations of the term are not accidental: A behavioral sink does act to aggravate all forms of pathology that can be found within a group"
Method
- Adult rats were placed inside a 10-by-14 foot laboratory room.
- The room was divided into 4 sections, the rats had access to these pens via ramps.
- The 4 pens, containing 12 rats each provided plenty of food and water as well as materials nests.
- A window in the ceiling of the room allowed researchers to observe the crowded rats.
Background
- John B. Calhoun (1917-1995) used white rats as animal subjects to follow ethical guidelines and study overcrowding.
- Behavioral scientist have been interested in the effects of overcrowding on human behavior for years
- Two terms that describe overcrowding :
- Density: refers to the number of individuals in a given amount of space
- Crowding: refers to the subjective psychological experience created by density
CROWDING INTO THE BEHAVIORAL SINK Calhoun, J. B. (1962). Population density and social pathology
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