1. when a rest, what is the typical shape of a sarcodine?
2.what form of locomotion do sarcodines use?
3. the contractile vacuole regulates the amount of ___?
4. how do sarcodines intake their food?
5.how do sarcodines reproduce?
Subkingdom Protozoa
Locomotion and Pseudopods
- locomotion
- the amoeba has a very interesting and laborious form of locomotion
- when the cell needs to move it forces its endoplasm near the cell membrane.
- the liquid deforms the membrane, making it flexable, and causes pseudopods to form.
- the cell then forces its endoplasm near the cell membrane. the liquid deforms the membrane, making it flexable, and causes pseudopods to form. then all of the endoplasm is forced into the pseudopod and it carries the cell with it.
- pseudopods are used for engulfing prey
- once the prey is engulfed it is held in a food vacuole
- it is then chemically digested
- substances that can be used are sent into cytoplasm
- substances that cannot be used are ejected from the cell
Habitat
- sarcodines inhabit water with little current, like ponds,lakes, or slow moving rivers
- cant swim
- ahere to surfaces in water
- they are often the slimy coating on rocks in water
http://www.animalplanet.com/tv-shows/monsters-inside-me/videos/entamoeba-histolytica/
Reproduction
Sarcodines
- when amoebae reach maximum size, it reproduces asexually
- takes about three days to reach maximum size
- reproduces through binary fission
- cytoplasm pinches in half and pulls apart to form two daughter cells
- cysts-amoebae can form cysts, much like endospores, in order to survive in bad condition such as lack of food or dryness
- entamoeba histolytica
- this is a pathogenic gut dwelling sarodine
- causes severe dysentary
- spreads through contaminated water
- once in the body it can make a hole in the intestines and get into the blood stream
- once they have entered the blood stream they can spread all over the body reaching liver and brain causing death
amoeba at rest
Test Questions
Other Sarcodines
Phylum Sarcodina
Cytoplasm
- sarcodina- the largest phylum of protozoa , with 11,500 living species and 33,000 fossil species
- they have no standard body shape
- somewhat spherical when at rest, but when it moves, it becomes 'blobby'
- flexable plasma membrane allows it to change shape at will
- pseudopods- temporary foot like extensions of cell use for locomotion or engulfing food.
- cytoplasm- jelly-like substance inside the cell
- two parts
- ectoplasm- thin, watery cytoplasm found near plasma mebrane of some cells
- endoplasm- dense cytoplasm found in interior
amoeba moving
Works Cited
- Entamoeba Gingivalis
- a harmless sarcodine that lives in mouths
- entamoeba coli
- a non pathogenic sarcodine that lives in your gut
- this particular sarcodine does not move much by use of pseudopod
- it is usually immobile and keeps a spherical shape
Protozoa
- "Amoeba." - Body, Parasites, Used, Water, Process, Form, Animals, Carbon, Oxygen. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.
- "Entamoeba Histolytica." Animal Planet Entamoeba Histolytica Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.
- Wile, Jay L., and Marilyn F. Durnell. Exploring Creation with Biology. 2nd ed. Anderson, IN: Apologia Educational Ministries, 2005. Print.
- generally have mode of locomotion
- this sets them apart from algae (no locomotion)
- Protozoa are heterotrophic
- algae are autotrophic
- there are exceptions
- the genus 'volvox' is a protozoa because of its flagella, but they are photosynthetic. They are sometimes considered as algae
Amoeba Proteus
(common amoeba)
- nucleus- the region of a eukariotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA
- controlls reproduction and metabolism
- some dna can also be found in another organelle called the mitochondrion
- vacuole- a membrane-bounded "sac" within the cell
- food vacuole- hold and stores food while it is being digested
- contractile vacuole- regulates the amount of water in the cell
- collects excess water and releases into the surroundings
- if a cell absorbs too much water, it could explode!