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Measurement

How IMFs create VP and Boiling Point

LDF's

Hydrogen bonding

Vapor Pressure - A manometer (a pressure measuring device) is typically used to measure VP because it encloses the vapors and holds them at a constant value, which is the VP.

Boiling Point - Since a liquid cannot pass its boiling point in temperature (unless in a pressure cooker), the evaporated vapors will be the highest boiling temperature. So those vapors will be measured.

Definition

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point

the pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form

On a molecular level vapor pressure is the pressure exerted when the liquid and vapor are at an equilibrium.

Real World Consequences

Temperature can effect the vapor pressure so if it is very warm in an area the vapor pressure will be different to the vapor pressure of a molecule in a cooler area.

How it is Used

(in our lives and in nature)

Examples of how we use VP include cooking, creating electricity, and predicting future movement of liquid particles. In cooking, a closed container would have an equal amount of molecules going from liquid to gas and vice versa which creates more VP than an open container (cooks faster). Steam powered turbines use VP because the heat energizes the water molecules causing them to separate in to a vapor quickly which spins a turbine. If the VP of a liquid is low, it is less likely to get into the air as a vapor. In Nature, VP determines the rate of evaporation and condensation, for instance in an environment with a high temperature, the rate of evaporation would be higher (higher VP) to absorb heat and reach equilibrium. If the temperature is high enough to increase the VP to atmospheric pressure, the water will boil. If the VP is high (small IMFs) , then it will take less heat to separate the molecules, creating a lower boiling point.

Examples

Pressure cooker

Higher elevation

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