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Dictionaries and encyclopedias
"an artistic form of auditory communication, incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner"
"any pleasing and harmonious sound"
There are lots of definitions for music. But if there is one true definition it is this; music is universal and yet it is also relative and subjective. What may be music to one, may not be so to another.
Take a moment to ponder what the meaning of music is for you.
Medieval music is characterized by: the beginning of musical notation as well as polyphony.
During this time, there were two general types of music styles:
the monophonic and the polyphonic.
POLYPHONY
-In its early form, polyphony was based on plainchant (Gregorian chant).
It began when singers started improvising with parallel melodies.
-This marked the start and several musical lines were combined.
As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony became more elaborate and complex.
Most music had religious connotation.
This period was marked by:
1- Sharp social class divisions
2- Religious power.
As a result
It is characterized by:
1- Using music to tell a story or express an idea.
2- The use of various instruments including wind instruments ( The Flute, The Saxophone and The Tuba).
Melodies are fuller and more dramatic.
Composers:
Johannes Brahms, Frederic Chopin, Claude Debussy, Antonin Dvorak, Felix Mendelssohn, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
The Baroque period was a time when composers experimented with form, styles and instruments. This period saw the development of opera and instrumental music.
-French nobles called troubadours and trouvères were among the first to have written secular songs.
-Music of this time was composed for the nobility.
-These people were among the lowest social class, along with prostitutes and slaves, but they were important because they passed along information, since there were no newspapers.
Telemann
Vivaldi
Händel
ORIGIN
In conclusion...
There are many theories regarding when and where music originated.
Many agree that music began even before man existed.
Historiographers point out that there are six periods of music and each period has a particular style that greatly contributed to what music is today.
Here are some resources for you, to better understand the history of music.
1750
1600
1450
1820
450
1900
2010
20th CENTURY
Renaissance means "rebirth" and in music this period brought about many changes in the way music was created and perceived.
Music during the 20th century brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated.
Artists were more willing to experiment on new music forms and used technology to enhance their compositions.
-Compared with the Medieval style, Renaissance polyphony was lush and sonorous. This era is known as "the golden age of polyphony."
-Imitation became an important polyphonic technique. It was one method composers used to make complex music more easily comprehensible and give the listener a sense of structure.
-Imitative polyphony can be heard in the masses and motets of composers from Josquin onward and is featured in instrumental music by Byrd, Gibbons, and the Gabriellis.
Composers:
Béla Bartók, Arnold Schoenberg, Gustav Mahler, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Rachmaninoff.
Characterized by: simpler melodies and new forms such as the sonatas.
The piano was undoubtedly the primary instrument used by composers during the Classical period.
COMPOSERS
He is known as the "Father of the Symphony" due to his contributions (over 100 symphonies) to this musical style.
-One of the great composers of the Classical era known for his improvisation and expressive music.
-Beethoven suffered from abdominal pains and became deaf when he was in his late 20s (some say in his 30s).
-He managed to rise above his illness and physical limitations by creating some of the most beautiful and lasting music pieces in history.
-He wrote his third to eighth symphony when he was almost completely deaf.
Mozart is one of the most important classical composers in history.
He was a gifted musician who was capable of hearing complete pieces in his head. His music had simple melodies yet rich orchestration.
http://library.thinkquest.org/16020/data/eng/text/education/theory/history.html
http://webpages.shepherd.edu/BREICH01/
http://musiced.about.com/od/beginnersguide/a/intro.htm
http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/
http://www.naxos.com/education/brief_history.asp