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The Late Middle Ages & Intro to the Renaissance
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Transcript
The Late Middle Ages & Intro to the Renaissance
Humanism
Economics
Early Reformers
The Later Middle Ages
1. Death/unrest
2. Church
3. Feudalism
The Plague
- John Wyclif
- Attacked luxury and opulence of the Papacy
- Faith based on salvation and predestination
- Jan Hus
- "Hussites"
- Called for end of church corruption and unchecked power of the Pope
- Deemed a heretic, burned at the stake
- Foundation for the Protestant Reformation
- Study of humanity
- History, art, literature from the past
- Works of Greek, Roman, and biblical literature
- Latin + Greek languages
- Strong belief in individualism and the great potential of human beings
- Virtú
- Stressed education
- Middle Ages were "dark"
- Petrarch
- "Father of Humanism"
- **Emergence of secularism
- Not anti-Christian
- Agriculture
- Land = wealth/status
- Peasants owed majority of crops to lords
- Tithe (10% of income) owed to Church
- Free in w. Europe - could be taxed
- Religious holidays - Lent and carnival - were highlights
- Development of trade
- Commercial and manufacturing
- Centered around NW Europe and Mediterranean
- Growth of merchant class
- Textiles dominated until 19th c.
- "Black Death"
- Filthy conditions of villages and cities led to spread of disease
- Killed 30-60% of the population (38 mil)
- God's punishment?
- Jews
- Effects -> fewer workers, more land = rights for the peasants
- Decline of feudalism...in Western Europe
1500
1400
1300
1600
1200
European Society
The Church
The Italian Renaissance
- During the Middle Ages, most Europeans were Roman Catholic
- Pope = highest authority
- Elected by cardinals -- cardinals appointed by Pope
- Latin
- Great Schism (1387-1412)
- 1 French Pope and 1 Roman Pope
- Papacy loses authority
- Throughout the 1300s and 1400s, Catholic leaders became more involved in political matters
- Clergy-priests, teachers, judges, nurses & landlords
- Large gap in status
- Secular clergy = poor
- Bishops were usually from noble families
- Monks and nuns were strict in their beliefs
- Nobles owned most of the land
- Superior birth, often intermarried
- Peasants made up 85% of the population
- Lived in villages or small settlements on lands of nobles
- Protection in exchange for labor
- 1330-1530
- Rebirth of the classics
- Cultural and artistic center of Europe
- Most urbanized part of the western world
- ~23 city states
- "Republics"
- Actually oligarchies
- Florence, Venice, and Rome were most influential
- Medici and Sforza families
- Patriarchs dominated by system of patronage
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