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The Devil or A Guardian?

A Study of the Puerto Rican Bats

Reference

Arita, H. T., & Santos-Del-Prado, K. (1999). Conservation biology of nectar-feeding bats in Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy, 80(1), 31-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1383205

Gannon, M. R., Kurta, A., Rodriguez-Duran, A., & Willig, A. R. (2005). Bats of Puerto Rico: an island focus and a Caribbean perspective. Texas Tech University Press.

Greenhall, A. M. & Schmidt U. (1988). Natural history of vampire bats, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. ISBN 0-8493-6750-6; ISBN 978-0-8493-6750-2

Hagen, E. & Deviche, S. (n.d.). Human, bird, and bat bone comparison. Retrieved from https://askabiologist.asu.edu/human-bird-and-bat-bone-comparison

Kanopy. (2012). Bat city USA. Retrieved from http://hdl.library.upenn.edu/1017.12/1677022

Puerto Rico. (n.d.). Retrieved February 10, 2017, from http://wikitravel.org/en/Puerto_Rico

Rodriguez-Duran, A., & Feliciano-Robles, W. (2015). Impact of wind facilities on bats in the neotropics. Acta Chiropterologica, 17(2), 365-370. doi:10.3161/15081109ACC2015.17.2.012

Villa-C., B. & Canela-R., M. (1988). Man, gods, and legendary vampire bats. Natural history of vampire bats, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. 234-40

Wilson, D. E. (2014, December 09). Bat. Retrieved December 09, 2014 from Encyclopaedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/animal/bat-mammal/Form-and-function

by Clara

Challenges

Pesticides

Bats fatalities

Wind facilities

Maybe some other challenges as well...

Ecological role

Disease

Rabies -- fur-bearing mammals

My fault?

Controlling the number of insects

We are much more dangerous than you thought!!!

Classification & Distribution

One bat can eat insects about one-third of its own weight each time

Seed dispersers and pollinators

Types

Over 150 plant species around the world are now depending on bats for reproduction and pollination

Noctilio Leporinus

  • Noctilio Leporinus (fish, insects)
  • Pterenotus Quadridens (insects)
  • Pteronotus Parnellii (insects)
  • Mormoops Blainvillii (insects)
  • Eptesicus Fuscus (insects)
  • Lasiurus Borealis (insects)
  • Tadarida Brasiliensis (insects)
  • Molossus Molossus (insects)
  • Brachyphylla Cavernarum (insects, fruits)
  • Artibeus Jamaicensis (fruits, leaves)
  • Stenoderma Rufum (fruits)
  • Erophylla Sezekorni (fruits, nectar)
  • Monophyllus Redmani (nectar)

Distribution

Bats in Guajataca State Forest

Artibeus jamaicensis

  • Pterenotus quadridens
  • Pteronotus parnellii
  • Mormoops blainvillii
  • Brachyphylla cavernarum
  • Artibeus jamaicensis
  • Erophylla sezekorni
  • Monophyllus redmani

Lasiurus borealis

Brachyphylla Cavernarum

Vampire myth and truth

Introduction

Bats = The messenger of the night?

Evil?

Vampire?

Puerto Rico

(tropical marine climate)

  • Abundant sunshine
  • Year-round high temperature
  • Plenty of rain

Do vampire bats really exist?

Vampire bats

Mammal - bats

Yes, they do!

Hairy-legged vampire bat

There are birds, fish, reptiles, invertebrates, and mammals.

Common vampire bat

White-winged vampire bat

  • Only 13 species of native terrestrial mammals on Puerto Rico, all of which are bats.
  • 6 species are endemic
  • Bats are the only type of mammals that spontaneously appear on this island.

None of them have been discovered on Puerto Rico!

What are bats

Basic Characteristics

Fun facts

Why hanging upside down?

Arm bones comparison

Using the inertia of falling to take off

World records

Bats are the only flying mammal on the earth

Bats are one of the longest-living mammals in the world for their size

Bats have the lowest breeding speed for their size in mammalian animals.

Special habits

Nocturnal animal

An interesting study

  • Cannot bear strong sunlight and heat
  • Their natural enemies, lizards and snakes, are mainly diurnal — active during the day
  • Many insects come out at dark

Hibernation?

  • In high latitudes, there are not enough food resources during the winter
  • Bats live on Puerto Rico do not need to hibernate.

Chiropteran: winged mammals

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