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How a Bill Becomes a Law
The President
The President has four options when he or she receives a bill:
Sign it
Veto it
Do nothing and in ten days it becomes law
Pocket veto
Reporting a Bill
Subcommittee:
Hearing
Mark up
Report
The full committee then accepts, rejects, or amends the bill.
If accepted, it is reported out of committee with a written report about the bill.
Conference Committee
Once passed, a bill is sent to the other chamber for consideration.
If each chamber passes a different version of the same bill, it goes to conference committee.
Once conferees reach agreement on a bill, they report the details to each chamber.
If both chambers approve the report, the bill is sent to the president.
Scheduling Debate
When a committee agrees to report a bill to the floor, the bill is put on the House or Senate calendar.
IN THE HOUSE ONLY: Every bill goes to the Rules Committee
Specifies when and how long a bill will be debated and under what procedures.
Open, closed, semi open, and semi closed rules.
Introducing Legislation
Only members may submit legislation.
After a bill is introduced, it is assigned a number and referred to a committee.
Once a bill has been referred to a committee, the most common thing that happens next is NOTHING.
UCA’s
Filibuster
Since the Senate does not have a Rules committee, the leaders of both parties negotiate unanimous consent agreements (UCA’s).
UCA’s are similar to rules in that they:
Limit time for debate.
Determine which amendments are allowable.
If accepted, no option for a filibuster since debate is regulated
In the House, the time for debate is divided equally between the proponents and opponents of a bill.
If amendments to a bill are allowed under the rule, they must be germane (relevant) to the bill.
In the Senate, floor action does more to shape legislation.
Amendments need not be germane
Bills stuck in committee can be picked out and added amendments