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Baroque Vs. Classical Era Music

Classical Characteristics continued

  • Concertos
  • 3 Piece movements
  • Designed for 1 instrument
  • Improvised
  • Overtures
  • 1 piece movements for orchestra
  • Usually introductions

Classical Instruments Continued

Classical Orchestral Characteristics

  • Bassoons
  • Trumpets
  • Horns
  • Trombones
  • Timpani

Baroque Instruments Continued

  • Flute
  • Oboe
  • Trumpets

Classical Orchestral Instruments

Baroque Orchestra Composers

  • Very tonal- major minor key
  • Age or reason
  • expressed emotional restraint/balance
  • Homophonic texture
  • Melodies were smooth
  • Rhythm was not complicated
  • 1st and 2nd Violins
  • Violas
  • Cellos
  • Double basses
  • Flute
  • Oboe
  • Johann Sebastian Bach
  • 1685-1750
  • German composer
  • Known for outstanding technique and fugues
  • George Frideric Handel
  • 1685-1759
  • German composer
  • Known for Oratorios and Italian Operas

Baroque Orchestral Instruments

Classical Composers Continued

  • Harpsichord/Organ
  • Cello
  • Violin
  • Beethoven
  • 1770-1827
  • Classical and Romantic composer
  • "Freed music from restraint of classicism"

Baroque Characteristics Continued

Classical Orchestra

  • Continuo was an important part of Baroque music
  • Involved 2 instruments: Keyboard (organ/harpsichord) and bass instrument (cello)
  • Bass line played simple, continuous noted bass line
  • Keyboard played an improvised harmonies based of chord symbols

Baroque Orchestral Characteristics

Classical Orchestral Composers

  • Very elaborate and artistic
  • Focus on Homophonic texture
  • One predominant melody with an accompaniment or harmonic background.
  • Word painting (conveying moods or meanings with musical changes)
  • 1750-1820
  • More woodwind and Brass instruments than Baroque era
  • Homophonic texture
  • Symphony became more popular
  • Concerts for middle class started to appear
  • Concertos and Overtures became popular
  • Mozart
  • 1756-1791
  • Austria
  • Over 600 Compositions
  • Operas
  • Symphonies
  • Piano/Violin

Baroque Orchestra

Works Cited

  • 1600-1750
  • This was the period where opera began until Bach (famous composer) died.
  • Small orchestras (25 or less instruments) performed for entertainment
  • String focused orchestras with keyboard accompaniment

Classical Examples Continued

Beethoven- Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, op. 13

"Baroque." The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide. Abington: Helicon, 2015. Credo Reference. Web. 11 May 2016.

"The Baroque and Classical Period Orchestras." Working and Developing in a Musical Ensemble. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2016.

  • Shifts in major and minor tonalities
  • Contrasting moods

Willoughby, David. The World of Music. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Print.

Baroque and Classical Music

Importance of Classical and Baroque music

  • Two types of orchestral music
  • They share many similarities but have distinct differences

Classical Orchestral Examples

  • Both of these forms gave way to many of out types of music
  • Allowed Composers to try new things and develop new ways of creating music
  • Types
  • Instrumental
  • Vocal
  • Choral
  • Opera

Baroque Era

Baroque Orchestra Examples

Classical Era

  • Gave the beginnings of opera
  • Figured bass may have led to walking bass line
  • Proliferation of Keyboard works
  • New techniques
  • Development of sonata, symphony, and string quartet
  • Led to new ways of creativity in music
  • Laid groundwork for modern age music

Conclusion

Classical Examples Continued

  • Different types
  • Keyboard works
  • Chamber works
  • Orchestral pieces
  • Large choral works
  • Operas

Haydn-String Quartet in C major, op. 76, no. 3

Baroque Examples Continued

Objectives

  • Polyphonic and Homophonic Texture
  • Flowing melody

Bach's Fugue in C minor, No. 2 form The well Tempered Clavier

  • Has a 5 note motive
  • Polyphonic Texture
  • Very complex melody
  • Baroque and Classical era music have been identified as similar in many ways
  • Certain characteristics such as texture, melodies, and rhythm set them apart as categories
  • Each era was a great step in the evolution of music and has lead to music today
  • Understand the difference between Baroque and Classical orchestra
  • See the significance for each type of music

Baroque Examples Continued

Vivaldi- 4 Seasons spring

  • First type of Concert music
  • Use of cello and Harpsichord
  • Use of text painting

Image by Tom Mooring

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