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The Gilded Age and Imperial America, 1870-1920

Second Industrial Revolution (Continued)

Electricity Stations : Electricity became essential to industrial and urban groth since they provided a more reliable source of power than water or steam. They provided powere to streetcars, factories, and private homes.

Lochner v. New York Ruling: In 1906, Lochner v. New York voided a state law that established 10 hours per day or 60 per week as the max hours of work for bakers because it interfered with the right of contract between employer and employee.

Knights of Labor Poster : The Knights of Labor was labor union that consisted of unskilled workers as well as skilled. They involved many workers in strikes, boycotts, political actions and other kinds of reforms to combat economic freedom.

Spanish-American War (Continued)

Haymarket Affair Pamphlet: During this time period, many labor unions went on strike to protest against the wage reductions at the McCormick plant. This protest led to killings and strikers rallied at Haymarket Square where bombings killed bystanders and police.

First Flag of the Philippines: The Philippines declared independence from the United States after long gruesome war. Emilio Aguinaldo led them to independence and this was their first flag as an independent Republic.

Platt Amendment Document: The Platt Amendment stated that the United States would not annex Cuba and would recognize their new independent government. It also gave the US a naval base at Guantanamo Bay and restricted Cuban relations with other nations.

Panama Canal: The construction of the Panama Canal connected both the Atlantic and Pacifc Oceans for trade. Roosevelt was able to cause the Panama Revolt and create the Panama Canal under US control at a low price.

Roosevelt Corollary Cartoon: The Roosevelt Corollary was an added part to the Monroe Doctrine, which revised the promise that the US would not intervene in Latin America to the US would be allowed to intervene under specific reasoning.

Gift Shop

Second Industrial Revolution

The Spanish-American War and American Imperialism

Moonshine Kit................$180

USS Maine in a Bottle....$18.98

the 18th Ammendment stimulated an increase in home-brewed alcohol that could be sold on the black market.

The destruction of the USS Maine in 1898 served as justification for America's entry into the Spanish-American War and allegations of Spanish aggression were later proven untrue.

Steel Blocks: The creation of steel was an important building block because it was used for many other innovations during the Industrial Revolution such as railroads, bridges, and other construction projects. It became a substitute for iron since it was a stronger building supply.

Photograph of the USS Maine: In 1898, an explosion destroyed the American battleship Maine in Havana Harbor. President McKinley blamed Spain and called for an immediate declaration of war by Congress that sparked the Spanish-American War.

WWI Costume.....$38

Silver Coins...............$18.92

William Jennings Bryan promised free coinage of silver in the Election of 1892 as part of the populist platform.

World War 1 witnessed the first widespread use of chemical weaponry, as countries were eager to employ newly developed weapons they had stockpiled in the years before.

Image of Railroad Construction : Railroads was crucial because it made the 2nd Industrial Revolution possible. The transcontinental railroads expanded trade as they carried manufactured goods back and forth from the East to the West. This led to the creation of a national market for goods.

New York Journal Article: This newspaper article was written after the destruction of the USS Maine and was a prime example of yellow journalism that helped to bring support of the American people to the war.

Monopoly Board Game...$22

Railroad Set................$28

Thousands of miles of rail tracks were laid during the 2nd industrial Revolution to expand domestic markets.

The 2nd Industrial Revolution witnessed the rise of monopolies in such industries as oil, gas, and steel. Horizontal and vertical expansion resemble transactions in the game of monopoly.

Telegraph Key: The creation of the telegraph and opening of the Atlantic cable made it possible to send messages instantaneously between the U.S. and Europe. This invention would eventually bring the U.S. into WWI due to the interception of the Zimmerman Telegraph

The Treaty of Paris of 1898: This solution led to the end of the Spanish-American War and the end of the vast Spanish Empire. It also gave the US control of some of the colonies of Spain, thus beginning the era of American Imperialism.

Great Hall

Octopus Cartoon : During the Industrial Revolution, big companies dominated different industries such as Rockefeller with oil and Carnegie with steel. They were able to have monopolies in their industries and extended their influence to politics. They manipulated politics by bribing legislators so they can have laws that benefit their companies.

Social Darwinism Cartoon: With the US becoming an imperial power, the idea of Social Darwinism and the need to 'educate' other nations became a strong reason for the US to annex inherited colonies and maintain control of the Philippines.

The Populist Movement

The New South

Painting of the Homestead Strike: The Homestead Strike saw a culminating point in the intense battle between laborers and employers. It saw thousands of workers go on strike against Henry Frick and his labor changes. Due to the National Guard intervening, this came to be a major setback for unionized labor.

Plessy v. Ferguson Decision: In 1896, Plessy v. Ferguson allowed state to create laws that required separate facilities for blacks and whites. The decision deemed separate but equal constitutional.

Farmers Alliance Flag: The Farmer's Alliance was created by farmers who faced economic insecurity due to high freight rates and excessive interest rates for loans. The alliance proposed a remedy which would store crops in warehouses until they were sold and farmers would be given loans at a low rate.

Ku Klux Klan Robe: Organizations that were racist towards African Americans such as the KKK organized race riots and lynchings of African Americans. Some KKK members were civic members, such as police officers, during the day.

Ticket to the 1892 Omaha Convention: The Populist platform at the Omaha Convention blamed economic inequality and political corruption for national ruin. It outlined a long list of proposal to increase democracy and economic opportunity, including union rights, public railways, and direct election of senators.

Video of Jim Crow: The portrayal of African Americans as a clumsy, reckless person reinforced racial stereotypes towards blacks. Jim Crow would be later be known for the Jim Crow Laws which segregated the blacks and whites.

1896 Electoral Map: The 1896 Election was between Republican McKinley and Democrat William Jennings Bryan. Although Bryan ran as a Democrat he had many Populist ideals, one of these ideals was the free silver economy. The campaign saw the height of the movement, but the loss represented the downfall.

Booker T. Washington Speech: Washington became head of the Tuskegee Institute, which urged blacks not to combat segregation because he deemed economic advancement more important that full rights of citizenship.

Progressive Era (Continued)

Birth Control Magazine: Female progressives like Emma Goldman and Margaret Sanger lectured on anarchism, homosexuality, and the right to birth control. The Birth-Control Movement would later branch into sexual experimentation centers like Greenwich Village in New York.

Sierra Club: John Muir established the Sierra Club in the 1890's to fight large-scale logging, and his efforts led to the proliferation of environmentalism with the establishment of new national parks under Giffort Pinchot and the Roosevelt Administration.

World War 1 (Continued)

1912 Electoral Map: The Election of 1912 represented a victory for Woodrow Wilson over Taft, Roosevelt, and Debs. Wilson would continue Roosevelt's Square Deal initiatives with his "New Freedom" program that emphasize government economic intervention.

Committee on Public Information Propaganda: Wilson created the Committee on Public Information in 1917 that flooded the country with pro-war propaganda. The CPI used language of social cooperation and democratic freedom to promote military initiatives.

Hull House Pamphlet: Jane Adams established the Chicago Hull House in 1889 to uplift the plight of poor urban immigrants. This represented a shift to positive attitudes towards foreign immigration and a rejection of female domestic duties.

Photograph of Prohibition Rally: The 18th Amendment that banned alcohol was supported by employers, urban reformers, women reformers, and religious fundamentalists. It also indicated a backlash against German-owned Breweries.

Newspaper Documenting Slacker Raids: The 1917 Espionage Act prohibited spying and interfering with military success, and the 1918 Sedition Act made it a crime to question government initiatives. These acts validated "slacker raids" targeting radicals and war critics, and they limited wartime freedoms.

Treaty of Versailles Cartoon: The Treaty of Versailles created the League of Nations, redrew European borders, and granted self-determination to Eastern Europe. It also contributed to War War II conflicts by declaring Germany morally responsible for WWI and forcing them to pay heavy reparations.

The Progressive Era

World War 1

Triangle Shirtwaist News Headline: In 1911, 140 women died after being locked in a sewing facility in Chicago. The Uprising of 20,000 ushered a new era of government regulation, called the Progressive Era, that sought to limit labor abuses by wealthy corporations.

Sinking of Lusitania Painting: Germany launched a submarine warfare against any ships entering and leaving British ports. In May 1915, a German submarine sank the British liner Lusitania which killed 1,200 passengers, including 124 Americans. This outraged American public opinion, but it did not bring the U.S. into the war..

AP Short Answer Questions

1. (A) Identify ONE development that contributed to the rise of the Second Industrial Revolution.

(B) Identify ONE impact the development from Part A had on the American Economy.

(C) Explain how ONE aspect of American domestic policy between 1870-1900 affected the development identified in part A.

2. (A) Identify the point of view of this propaganda picture from World War I.

(B) Explain ONE way that American government policy contributed to the point of view identified in part A.

(C) Give ONE example of how Americans’ civil liberties were limited during wartime.

Cafe

Zimmerman Telegram : British spies intercepted a message from the Germans who were calling on Mexico to join the war against the U.S. so they could recover land that they lost during the Mexican War. This caused the U.S. to join and help Britain in the war.

Sherman Antitrust Act : The Sherman Antitrust Act was created to prohibit trusts and big companies from cornering the market. This marked the advent of increased government regulation to curtail corporate domination and break up monopolies like the Northern Securities Company and the Pacific Railway.

Suffraghetti....$12.10

Hull House Special...$3.16

Imported from Chicago by Jane Adams Shipping Company.

Served up by world class chef Woodrow Wilson.

Copy of The Jungle: Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" was an excellent example of Muckraking that exposed the underside of the American meat-packing industry. His journalism convinced convinced the Roosevelt Administration to pass the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act.

Bonanza Split....$5.00

Gourmet Twinkie....$1000

Fourteen Points : Woodrow Wilson created the Fourteen Points which stated America's war aims and his vision of a new international order. This established the agenda for the peace conference at the Treaty of Versailles and outlined a precedent for free international economic exchange after the war.

Golden on the outside, white on the inside.

Straight from your local bonanza farm.

Sierra Club Soda....$2.00

Liberty Sandwich....$8.20

Zero calorie diet. Zero trees killed.

Photograph of Eugene V. Debs: Eugene V. Debs linked the new Socialist Party with American ideals. He preached that economic control by a democratic government united political equality and economic freedom, and he gained the backing of organized labor for his presidential campaign.

Photograph of Suffragettes: Under Alice Paul and the National Women's Party, suffragettes adopted militant tactics to achieve female enfranchisement. Outrage over mistreatment of feminist protestors led Woodrow Wilson to support the suffrage movement, leading to the passage of the 19th Amendment.

Right off the grill from anywhere but Germany.

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