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From the evidence given from multiple studies one can conclude that the act of being institutionalised only has poor effects on social and mental health. A child to develop secure attachments, and to function with normal social and intellectual abilities needs the loving care of a monotropy and needs stimulation.
Ideally a child needs emotional support, nourishment, cleanliness, social interaction, exercise and learning stimulation in order for the long term effects not to occur.
Children in institutional care are typically small and slim. Gardner 1972, showed that lack of emotional care rather than poor nourishment causes deprivation dwarfism.
Children in an institution may develop this form of insecure attachement were children do not discriminate between people they chose as attachment figures. They treat strangers with over friendliness and seek attention
Skodak and Skeels 1949 found that children who had been separated from their parents scored poorly on intelligence tests, however when the same children were trnsferred to a different insitution and given emotional care the IQ score increased by 30 points.
Harlow showed that monkeys raised with a surrogate mother went on to become bad parents. As they had no emotional care in infant life.
Quinton 1984 compared 50 women raised in institutions with 50 women raised at home in their 20s the ex instituitonalised women experienced extreme difficultities behaving as parents for example more of their children spent time in care.