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The Penans do not use agriculture but instead they have been following with the flowering cycle of the sago palm as it is their main food source which can grow up to 12m above ground into several trunks. The trunks of the sago palm is rolled down to a nearby lake which is then split and crushed with wooden tools. They would eat it as their main course. The Penans move from one place to another seasonally to get the sago palm.
The Major Threats
• The major threats to the Penan tribe are that local workers threatened to kill the Penans if they got into the workers plan of building a dam in the Penans surrounding area. Since 1970, their land has been confiscated for other plans like and underground mine, to plant large areas of oil palm and to build dams they are also under the threat of the new plans to expand the palm oil plantations massively in the Malaysian state of Sarawak. There are only about 16,000 people from the penan and only 200 are nomadic.
Most of the Penans now are constantly moving away from the logging companies. At some point, the Penans were living at best in Brunei and Sarawak, now they have moved to Lamai. They hide in the forest behind the beach resort.
The Penans live in the tropical rainforest with a damp environment. This biome has large amount of tall trees with an average of 125 to 660cm of rain fall every year. The temperature is about 34 degrees through the day and drops below 20 degrees during night. It is very humid, about 77 to 88% humidity. The environment is hard for the Penans because very little rainforest is left.
Living With The Penan's
How Can We Help
• The Penans rely on their forest to their existence, so we could help by not wasting precious wood so that logging companies do not cut down more of their forest. While this is happening, the machines causing this to happen pollute the water. This will lead to unhealthy diet and illness. We can also help by writing a letter to the British government and ask him to stop the logging and save the Penans and help their future.
If I got a chance to live with the Penans, I will not go, because I am not use to the conditions in the rainforest. I probably will vomit due to their food. Sleeping on weaved mat will take time to get use to. I don't have the required skills to hunt and craft equipment. Living with the Penan's will be difficult for me.
If I got a chance to live with the Penan. I will go because I have been to Malaysia many times and I am use to the humid conditions in the rainforests. I will be fine when I eat the food. The only problem is that I don't know how to hunt and craft equipment. Living with the Penan's will be ok for me.
The Penans were very smart people. They hunt many types of food and gathered equipment to make tools and furniture. The Penans would either trade with other tribes or with each other. They also trade with the British government. About 3 to 4 times a year, the British government arranges trading times called tamu near the forest of Penan. The trading were watched by colonials who insure the trades were fair.
Music
The Penan have their own musical instruments, Musical instruments like the atui, oreng and keringut were instruments that were played by the Penan people. The atui is constructed out of a long log from a species of softwood which is suspended using rattan vines on a frame. The oreng is a form of Jew’s harp made out of the stem of a sago branch. The oreng in the present day is played when important guests come to visit the village, in the olden days, it was played when one was sad, happy or for courting purposes. The women were the ones who usually play it.The keringut is a nose flute made out of bamboo normally played by men. The pagang is a Penan bamboo harp which is made of bamboo. A pagang produces a melodious twanging sound when plucked.
Penan Diet
Language
The losses and Benefits
They basically walk on barefoot however some of the Penan people wear cheap shoes made from weaved leaves so that it is easier for them to walk in the rainforest.
This is the Atui
The Penans main food source is the sago palm. They also eat jungle fruit. The Penans and extremely skillful hunters. They can hunt for wild boars, barking deer, mouse deer, snakes, monkeys birds, frogs, monitor lizard snail and insects. The penans use blowpipes, poison darts. The blowpipe is made out of a tree called Belian tree. The blowpipe is blown then it releases a poison darts which is made out of the tip of the sago palm. They but a poisonous latex from a tree called the Tajem. They also use 2 knives, 1 knife is called the poeh and is used very frequently, the second knife is called the darhad and used to cut meat
The Penan or Punan-Nibong, is the language spoken by the Penan people of Borneo. It is a language that is related to Uma’ Lasan which is a Kayan language of Borneo. Some translations are...
The Penan clothing is constructed with animal hide, fur and tree bark. The bark is beaten with a club until it is flexible, then the bark is cut according to shapes and sizes. Their clothing is suited to the environment they live in as a hot humid rainforest. Their clothing does not cover their whole body so they can withstand heat and humidity but also keep cool. The Penans clothing is called a chawat which allows them to easily move through the rainforest.
• The losses for the Penans is that they can no longer live in their natural environment with animals. The logging company is changing their life style making the rainforest too dense. Every day they’re losing the ability to hunt for food and build and craft tools.
The benefits for the Penans are that they are getting healthier because of the doctors, sleeping on better furniture, the access of technology, warmth and better food.
This the keringut also known as the Nose Flute
This is called the Parang
In the past, the Penan have been described as animists. Today however, the majority of them have converted to Christianity. The Penan believe that the rainforest and its bounty were given to them by the Creator, the God Balei Nge Butun. At any time that anyone become sick the medicine man wuld hang the blossom of a betelnut tree with the wooden image to aid him in calling back the wandering soul of the patient.
Yes. O'o. (Oh)
No. Bé'. (Beh)
How are you? Kineu akam ko'? (Kih-noo ah-kahm koh?).
Fine, thank you. Akeu jian. (Ahko jih-ahn)
What is your name? Ineu ngaran ko'? (Ih-noo nah-rahn koh?)
My name is ______ . Ngaran ké' ______ . (Nah-rahn keh _____ .)
Nice to meet you. Jian temeu. (Jih-ahn tuh-moh)
Barking Deer
Wild Boar
Penan Jungle Fruit
The Penans live is huts called Selap, They are made from thick poles tired together with stripes made from a type of palm tree. The roof of the hut was usually made of giant palm leaves, but now they are made from from a better resource. It is strong, flexible and a water resistance material.
Bibliography
Locusts
https://www.google.com.au/webhp?hl=en&tab=ii&ei=DTtrUqeDNIT8iAfh2IDICw&ved=0CBEQ1S4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penan_people
http://www.survivalinternational.org/tribes/penan
http://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/penan/
http://www.journeymalaysia.com/MCUL_penan.htm
http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2888
http://www.adventurealternative.com/trips/page/884/penan_language
http://wikitravel.org/en/Penan_phrasebook
Mouse Deer
Thank you. Jian kenin. (Jih-ahn ku-nihn)
You're welcome. Kua' kua'. (Koo-ah Koo-ah)
Excuse me. (begging pardon) Menyat jian. (Mehn-yaht jih-ahn)
I'm sorry. . (Menyat jian)
Goodbye Jian lakau. (Jih-ahn lah-kow)
Look out! Jaga Jaga! (Jahgah Jahgah!)
Good morning. Jian ngivun. (Jih-ahn nee-voon )
Good evening. Jian dau kuba'. (Jih-ahn dahoo koo-bah)
Good night. Jian merem. (Jih-ahn meh-rehm)
Where is the toilet? Semah pu'un jaban? (Seh-mah poo-oon jah-bahn?)
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