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Effects of Drug on Patient:

Common Uses:

  • Arthritis, asthma, colitis, severe allergies, skin diseases, lupus, cancer, and endocrine disorders

Prednisone may cause...

  • A lowered immune system response, fluid and salt retention, increased blood sugar, and growth suppression (in children)

Impact on the Endocrine System:

Nursing Implications:

  • Suppresses the function of the adrenal glands, which reduces the levels of hormones secreted by the organ.
  • These hormones include: cortisol, dehydroepiandosterone, andosterone, aldosterone, and tetrahydrocorticosterone
  • Obtain baseline vitals and keep track of things such as - I&O patterns/ratio, blood pressure, weight, blood glucose levels, and sleep patterns.
  • Check lab tests for serum electrolyte levels
  • Look for signs of masked infection and delayed wound healing.
  • Monitor patient's bone density.
  • Watch for changes in mood and behavior.

Patient Education:

  • Take the drug as prescribed - Do not abruptly stop taking this medication
  • Take this medication with food/milk to avoid stomach upset
  • Be aware of the medication side effects and know that weight gain is normal
  • Avoid or limit your intake of alcohol and caffeine - can lead to the development of an ulcer when mixed with the medication
  • Report slow healing wounds and signs of infection to physician
  • Tell a new dentist or new physician that you are taking Prednisone and why you are taking it

Side Effects:

  • Edema
  • Increased sweating
  • Carbohydrate intolerance
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Headache
  • Acne
  • Facial erythema
  • Rash
  • Thinning hair/Hair loss
  • Insomnia

Mechanism of Action:

  • Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid.
  • Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones made by the adrenal gland.
  • Prednisone creates moderate anti-inflammatory effects on the body.
  • Controls/prevents inflammation.

Prednisone Concept Map

Adverse Effects:

  • Confusion
  • Congestive Heart Failure
  • Hypertension
  • Cushingoid (facial puffiness and weight gain)
  • Muscle weakness
  • Delayed wound healing
  • Osteoporosis
  • Spontaneous bone fractures
  • Cataracts
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hypokalemia
  • Hypernatremia

Adrenal Corticosteroid

References:

  • Busse, M. (2015, May 7). Prednisone effects on adrenal glands. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from http://www.livestrong.com/article/204027-prednisone-effects-on-adrenal-glands/
  • Drug Bank: Prednisone. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from Drug Bank, https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00635
  • LLC, W. (2015, September 8). Prednisone Intensol (prednisone) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from Medscape, http://reference.medscape.com/drug/prednisone-intensol-342747#10
  • Prednisone oral: Uses, side effects, interactions, pictures, warnings & Dosing. (2005). Retrieved September 20, 2016, from WebMD, http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-6007-9383/prednisone-oral/prednisone---oral/details
  • PREDNISONE. Retrieved September 20, 2016, from ROB HOLLAND, http://www.robholland.com/Nursing/Drug_Guide/data/monographframes/P073.html
  • Prednisone, oral tablet. (2005). Retrieved September 20, 2016, from Healthline, http://www.healthline.com/drugs/prednisone/oral-tablet#Highlights1
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