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The Kurdish Genocide in Iraq

by Mina Metyas, Colin Mayr, Nick Zambrotta, and Mohammad Khan

Per 2

Map of Iraq and Kurdistan

Outcome

  • 90% of all Kurdish villages were wiped off the map
  • Estimated 50,000-100,000 people were killed
  • An estimated 1 million people in Iraq have ‘been missing since the 1960s. All of them have been assumed to be murdered.
  • More than 20 towns and cities were totally wipedout.
  • Saddam Hussein remained in power after the genocide until his death in 2003
  • Most Kurdish people fled to Iran for safety
  • Today, Iraq is in turmoil because its leader (Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi) was injured by a U.S air strike and is in critical condition

Facts

  • Ali Hassan al-Majid ( Saddam Hussein's cousin) is nicknamed "Chemical Ali" for the chemcial attacks
  • Poison gas was used on Kurdish civilian areas killing thousands men, women, and children indiscriminately
  • 90% of Kurdish villages were destroyed in the Anfal operation
  • Most of the victims were men ages 15-50

Key People

Saddam Hussein

  • Saddam Hussein and Ali Hassan al-Majid (Ba'athist party)
  • Saddam Hussein was the president of Iraq from 1979-2003 (24 years)
  • Ali Hassan al-Majid was the presidential advisor
  • Ali Hassan al-Majid repsonsible for chemical weapon strikes
  • Victims: Iraqi Kurds and Kurdish supporters
  • Iran supported Kurds

Ali Hassan al-Majid

Works Cited

  • http://www.ncas.rutgers.edu/center-study-genocide-conflict-resolution-and-human-rights/al-anfal-and-genocide-iraqi-kurds-1988
  • http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/events_anfal.html
  • http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/trialfacts.html
  • http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/iraq501/trialfacts.html
  • http://www.ncas.rutgers.edu/webfm_send/327
  • http://uk.gov.krd/genocide/pages/page.aspx?lngnr=12&pnr=37

Overview

Cause of Conflict

  • Overview
  • Country Background
  • Cause of Conflict
  • Key People
  • Outcome
  • Facts
  • Works Cited
  • Kurdish people were unhappy with their rights
  • Iraqi government appeases them
  • Kurdish people still want more
  • Kurdish area of northern Iraq was seen as vulnerable spot to the Ba’athist regime
  • Kurdish revolted starting the attacks
  • Thousands of Kurdish people rebeld against the Iraqi government and they were slaughtered, starved to death, or relocated
  • Ali Hassan, bombardad Kurdistan with chemical weapons which resulted in the genocide of the Kurdish people
  • Attacks were called " Anfal"
  • Each attack similar pattern: chemcial weapon attack, lay siege to town, burn and loot town, gather townepeople in trucks and transport them to holding facillites

Country Background

  • Iraq is a triangle of mountains, desert and a fertile river valley
  • Borders shared with Iran to the east, Turkey to the north, Syria and Jordan to the west, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait to the south
  • 2x the size of Idaho
  • Desert west of the Euphrates River, Central Valley located in between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Mountains in the Northeast
  • Population is 32,585,652 million people as of 2014
  • Major religions are Islam and Christianity
  • Current government is a democracy, past governments were a dictatorship
  • Shia-led government has struggled to keep order, Iraq has experienced periods of violence
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