Music Therapy in Mental Health

Solanki, Safar, & Rastogi (2013)

Carr, Odel-Miller, & Priebe (2013)

Nurses need:

- education

- support

- time

• systematic review
• acute care
• focus on group work and actively participating in the music
• building nurse-patient relationship and patient resources (ie. coping skills)

Nurses think:

- it works

- they like music as therapy

"Music certainly promises more than just entertainment...[it] can be benficial in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, as a cost effective noninasive adjunct to standard therapy in a variety of settings and patient groups, yet more validated scientific research is still requred to estalish it as a sole quantified therapy." (p. 193)

Nurses know:

- increases sleep quality

- decreases norepinephrine

- nursing = art+science

Literature Review

Li, Huang, Lai, & Hseih (2013)

Koelsch (2014)

response to stimulus

Recovery-oriented

mood

Concept introduction

creativity

meta-synthesis

"having a good time"

communication styles

• Carr, Odel-Miller, & Priebe (2013)
• Koelsch (2014)
• Li, Huang, Lai, & Hseih (2013)
• Solanki, Safar, & Rastogi (2013)
• Solli, Rolvsjord, & Bord (2013)

Music influences:

Solli, Rolvsjord, & Bord (2013)

Music

+ mental health/illness

+ evidence-based

+ positive coping strategies

= positive health outcomes

coordination

emotions

"being someone"

"feeling"

group dynamics

Bastable, 2014

human-human connection

"being together"

Creation of Learning Objectives

service users' experience

A - audience

B - behavior

C - condition

D - degree

S - specific

M - measureable

A - attainable

R - relevant

T - timely

Overview

Learning Objectives

Bloom's Taxonomy

Conclusion

Following a 15-minute music group, patient will verbalize one emotion that the music evoked within them with prompting from the nursing student (Affective Domain, Responding, Level 2)

Learning Objectives

Solanki, Safar,

& Rastogi

(2013)

"...aids and accelerates the healing process" (p. 198)

"All areas of the brain networked by the limbic system are affected by music" (p. 195)

• Concept introduction
• Pertinent literature
• Learning outcomes
• Implementation/operationalization of learning plan
• Outcomes of learning plan
• Evaluation of interventions
• Barriers and challenges experiences
• Recommendations (future implementation)
• Conclusion
• Question period

Following a 5 minute presentation about benefits of music relating to mental health, patient will discuss two ways to use music as a positive coping mechanism with prompting from nursing student (Cognitive Domain, Application, Level 2)

Evaluation of Objectives

What now?

• Objective 1: unable to list how music may help him cope in the future
• Objective 2: patient minimally reflected only surface-level feelings with much prompting from nursing student
• Objective 3: not willing to engage in any psychomotor activites whatsoever during group

Barriers

Learning Objectives

• can be anxiety-provoking to participate
• time lapse between 1:1 and music group
• harder to accomplish psychomotor domain than I expected
• hard to engage with group directly when I'm playing an un-transportable instrument
• two 20-25 minute time frames is not very long

SALVAGEABLE?

• elicited feedback from instructor and nursing students present
• talked to patient - how did he feel about music group?
• went back to the research

Dog face (Newsiosity, 2016).

DISAPPOINTMENT

Introduction

How does music create healing?

How does music affect us?

Implementation:

TAKE 1

During a 25-minute music group, patient will move to music (playing instrument, percussion, clapping, dancing, etc.) with some guidance from nursing student (Psychomotor Domain, Guided Response, Level 3)

How are neurotransmitters impacted by music?

How does music affect those with a mental illness?

Dog surfing (YupViral, 2017).

- played piano, sang

- facilitated discussion after very piece of music

- encouraged psychomotor engagement with little response

- general feeling of disorganization and lack of true engagement with the music

How does music fit into healthy coping methods?

Nursing+music = better health outcomes?

Music Therapy

in

Mental Health

Me: Oh my! How exhilarating!

Them: A bit of a flop sometimes, but a wonderful experience overall...

Patient/group: Let's do it again!!!!

Implementation:

TAKE 2

References

Suggestions for Improvement

Based on feedback from sources I mentioned before, I changed my approach:

• angled piano towards audience
• picked out a few songs beforehand
• provided instruments of percussion
• ensured more group member-group member interaction

"I liked it but I don't dance.

But maybe next time I can clap"

• choose familiar songs beforehand
• more 1:1 music therapy (then integrate into group settings)
• facilitate more discussion between group members
• further exploration of feelings regarding psychomotor involvement
• explore music with client(s) from clients' culture
• refocus some of my "encouragement energy" into exploring client barriers to engaging with music

"happy"

"tired"

Learning outcome 1: Met

Learning outcome 2: Met

Learning outcome 3: partially met, but needs modification and time to accomplish

"together"

"uplifted"

Implementation:

TAKE 2

"meaningful"

Outcomes (Group 2)

Questions?

• did not ask how music make people feel after every song
• did round-table discussion at end to help ensure closure
• a patient played guitar
• increased general sense of collegiality and bonding through increase audience involvement
• took non-verbal cues from assigned patient and group

"joyful"

"exuberant"

"refreshed"

"memories"

"community"