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After the Civil War the north and Congress wanted to prevent the south from having white supremacy again. To help do this they established a republican military rule over most of the southern states.
The 14th amendment was passed in 1868. It made the former slaves a whole person instead of 3/5 and protected everyone from anyone denying them life liberty and property with out due process of the law.
The 15th amendment was passed in 1870. This said that the right to vote can't be taken away based on the race, color or previous condition of servitude.
Towards the end of the Reconstruction Era, the southern leaders that had risen to power had big plans for the south.
This new south would include:
Yet still most black and white southerners were in the poverty of the "Old South"
The government in the south had many issues, but white supremacy had gone away. In 1877 Reconstruction ended and the military rule left, bringing white supremacy back. Blacks voting became very rare to see since they were receiving many threats. The government became mostly democratic. Many laws were passed preventing blacks from doing things.
Mississippi, which became a part of the Union in 1870, held a convention in 1890 to write a new constitution. The goal of the convention was to exclude the blacks. The only problem was the 15th amendment. Since blacks could vote and that couldn't be taken away, the south made restrictions. Those restrictions were having to pay a toll tax and a literacy test. Mississippi also came up with the grandfather clause. The clause said that anyone who had or has a grandfather that could vote on January 1, 1867 didn't have to pay the toll tax or pass the literacy test.
The blacks thought the new laws took away their right to vote. They brought it up to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court said that since the laws don't take away the right to vote.
We are going to hand out a list of some common Jim Crow Laws to each group. You can look over them while we continue the presentation.
Once Democrats had power again, they passed laws that segregated blacks from whites. The laws were called Jim Crow Laws, named after Jim Crow, a black entertainer.
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A Man named Homer Plessy decided to ignore the Jim Crow laws, and fought his way all the way to the supreme court of Louisiana. Homer Plessy was ⅞ European descent and ⅛ African blood. He was a citizen of the USA and the state Louisiana. He paid for a ticket to sit in the first class white area, then once he sat down where no one else was sitting, was asked to move by the conductor, and after refusing was dragged away by this police to jail. Plessy was part of a group called the Committee of Citizens, who were
against the 13 and 14th amendment
The supreme courts decision was made in 1876.
They decided that the segregation laws did not violate the 14th Amendment as long as the facilities available to each race was roughly equal, but that didn't really happen
After this case, additional Jim crow laws were passed, ignoring the supreme courts decision.