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Mankind: Inherently Evil

Rachel Lee, Kierra McDougall, Marissa Rasmussen, and Leena Tran

"Adam Eve Bible Pictures." <i>Adam Eve Bible Pictures</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://theglorystory.com/html/adam_eve_bible_pictures.htm&gt;.

Shmoop Editorial Team. "Macbeth Photos." <i>Shmoop.com</i>. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://www.shmoop.com/macbeth/photos.html&gt;.

"Google Images." <i>Google Images</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://images.google.com/&gt;.

"Cover." <i>Macbeth Photo</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://www.macbethphoto.com/&gt;.

Shakespeare, William, and A. R. Braunmuller. Macbeth. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. Print.

Hutton, Warwick. Adam and Eve: The Bible Story. New York: M.K. McElderry, 1987. Print.

"Adam and Eve." <i>- New World Encyclopedia</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Adam_and_Eve&gt;.

"The Story of Adam And Eve From The Bible." <i>Bible Knowledge</i>. N.p., 25 Apr. 2013. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://www.bible-knowledge.com/adam-and-eve/&gt;.

"The Old Testament - A Brief Overview." <i>The Story of Adam and Eve</i>. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2015. &lt;http://www.bible-history.com/old-testament/adam-and-eve.html&gt;.

Lady Macbeth: Evil

Adam and Eve: Disruption in Great Chain of Being

  • Summoned the evil spirits and devil

  • Asked to be more like a man than a women with direst cruelty

  • Asked to be rid of compassion and the ability to feel guilt

  • Asks for the world to be filled with wickedness so that nothing can stop her from commiting the immoral deed

"you will be like God" Genesis 2:4- 3:24.5

"Come, you spirits

That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,

And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full

Of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood,

Stop up the access and passage to remorse,

That no compunctious visitings of nature

Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between

The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts,

And take my milk for gall, you murd'ring ministers,

Wherever in your sightless substances

You wait on nature’s mischief! Come, thick night,

And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,

That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,

Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark

To cry 'Hold, hold!'" (1.5.43-57)

Macbeth: Disturbance in Great Chain of Being and Nature

  • Adam and Eve want to be God-like and possess the knowledge of good and evil
  • Betrayed God's authority and mocks his power over all living things
  • Disobeying assigned role given by God and reveals Adam and Eve's defiance and rebellion
  • Their job and knowledge is equivalent to their position on the Great Chain of Being
  • When Adam and Eve tried to gain knowledge and become God-like, they disrupted the natural order

"A falcon tow'ring in her pride of place, was by a mousing owl hawk'd at and kill'd/And Duncan's horses-a thing most strage and certain-...Turn'd wild, broke their stalls...'Tis said they eat each other." (2.4. 12-14, 18)

"Well, you may see things well done there: adieu/Lest our old robes sit easier than our new" (2.4.37-38)

Macbeth : Evil

"'Lesser than Macbeth, and greater/Not so happy, yet much happier.Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none/So all hail, Macbeth and Banquo!'" (1.3.68-71)

"'You will not certainly die,” the serpent said to the woman. 5 “For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.'" (Genesis 3. The Fall. 4-5)

The snake tells Eve that she should eat the fruit because it will give her knowledge and also bring her up to the same level as God

Both the Serpent and the witches provided the wrongdoer with information but twisted the truth to deceive them.

  • Context: An old man, Ross, and Macduff converse after the murder of King Duncan and the crowning of Macbeth
  • Disturbance in Great Chain of Chain of Being caused by Macbeth is symbolized by the animals and robes
  • The "falcon" is killed by the "mousing owl" and "Duncan's horses" "eat each other"
  • King Duncan is killed by Macbeth who is of lesser status on the Great Chain of Being
  • Nature is in a state of rebellion, fighting their natural roles similar to Macbeth upsetting the natural order by killing the king
  • The robes of King fit Macbeth poorly demonstrating he is unfitting to hold the power of king

Serpent's Similarities to the Witches

Serpent

"Come, seeling night,/Scarf up the tender eye of pitiful day,/And with thy bloddy and invisible hand,/Cancel and tear to pieces that great bond/Which keeps me pale! Light thickens, and the crow/Makes wing to the rooky wood;/Good things of day begin to droop and drowse,/Whiles night's black agents to their preys do rouse./Thou marvell'st at my words: but hold thee still;" (3.2.46-54)

  • Representation of evil nature, including the devil
  • Comparable to the witches
  • Provokes Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
  • Provides Adam and Eve with false information (true information, but also withheld information)
  • Context: Macbeth is speaking with Lady Macbeth before carrying out the murder of Banquo
  • Macbeth is summoning the night which is associated with darkness and evil
  • Refers to the night as "bloody" and "invisible"
  • Macbeth is comparing himself to "night's black agent" who is "rousing" his "prey"
  • Wants the darkness to end Banquo's life
  • Macbeth desires the death of his closest companion, showing his lack of morals and remorse/emotion

Adam and Eve: Evil

"'Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?...What is this you have done? Cursed is the ground because of you'" (The Fall, 12-18)

Lady Macbeth and Eve both were the ones to initiate the wrongdoing of their husbands

The Original Sin- Eve convinced Adam to eat the forbidden fruit

"To Adam he said, 'Because you listened to your wife and ate fruit from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,''" You will not certainly die,” the serpent said to the woman. 5 “For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil 17

Macbeth- Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth that he should kill King Duncan by belitting him and calling him a coward and not a man.

"Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteem'st the ornament of life, And live as a coward in thine own esteem" (1.7.41-31)

"When you durst do it, then you were a man" (1.7.49)

  • Adam and Eve sinned by abandoning God and his words
  • The ground is now "cursed" because Adam and Eve fell to the temptation of the snake, which represents the devil
  • The two try to hide their sins by lying to God and hiding from him
  • Since Adam and Eve have cursed the world and introduced sin, they are evil under God's eyes

Eve

Eve's Similarities to Lady Macbeth

Macbeth and Adam both concede to their wives' encouragement of sinning

The Original Sin- Eve convinces Adam to eat the forbidden fruit despite God's specific orders:

"When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it. She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it" Genesis 2;4-3:24 17

Macbeth- Lady Macbeth convinces Macbeth to murder King Duncan

"When you durst do it, then you were a man;/And to be more than what you were, you would/Be so much more the man." (I.7.49-51)

"I am settled, and bend up/Each corporal agent to this terrible feat." (1.7.79-80)

Unlike Adam, Macbeth demonstrates an internal struggle when deciding to betray his loyalty to King Duncan: " He’s here in double trust:/First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,/Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,/Who should against his murderer shut the door,/Not bear the knife myself. " (1.7.12-16)

Adam

Adam's Similarities and Differences to Macbeth

Tree Similarities To Macbeth

The Tree

The Tree is similar to Duncan in Macbeth, because both represent temptation. This is because they are the obstacle standing in the characters way of obtaining more power, changing their place in the Great Chain Of Beings natural order and achieving what they are ambitious for.

The Original Sin- Eve is given temptation to eat the fruit from the tree and become as powerful as god

"You will not certainly die,” the serpent said to the woman. “For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil" Genesis 2:4 3:24 4

Macbeth- Macbeth is told that he will be king. He knows that he would only be king if Duncan was no longer in power, which means that Duncan would have to be dead for Macbeth to be king.

"All hail, Macbeth! that shalt be king hereafter" 1.3.50

  • Eve is the first one to meet the serpent and eat the fruit
  • Eve is seen as a temptress and persuades Adam to eat the forbidden fruit
  • The fruit was desired in order to become knowledgeable and God-like
  • She listened to the words of the serpent rather than God

"'There's no art/To find the mind's construction in the face/He was a gentleman on whom I built/An absolute trust'" (1.4.13-16)

King Duncan shows his trust towards Macbeth when he talks about how Macbeth has been by his side for a long time and he is the most trust worthy man he knows

"'

God made Adam in his own image and gave him dominion over every creature in the Garden of Eden, this shows how much he trusted Adam to take care of the garden

God and King Duncan were both betrayed by who they trusted most, Adam and Macbeth. They were the ones that were overthrown, leading to a disturbance in the Great Chain of Being

God

Gods similarities to King Duncan

  • Represents temptation and ambition
  • Object of deception and preconceived satisfaction
  • Did not result in making Adam and Eve God-like
  • Judgment- ability to identify good and evil
  • Representation of purity and goodness
  • Associated with the colour white
  • Specifies that the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge should not be eaten (Temptation)
  • Gave Adam and Eve free-will and a chance to choose between good and evil by placing the tree in the garden
  • Top of the Great Chain of Being

Big Question?

Is Mankind Evil?

  • Adam was respectful and loyal to God
  • His wife convinced him to sin and betray God
  • Adam felt guilty after sinning and hid from God
  • He tried to lie and hide his sin

Is mankind naturally evil?

Thesis

Is Mankind Evil?

Ambition causes disruption in the Great Chain of Being and ultimately results in individuals being innately evil

Ambition: Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are ambitious individuals which causes them to eliminate anyone who stands in their way

Adam and Eve: Ambition

"For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil/When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it." (The Fall, 5-6)

  • Eve decides to eat the fruit when she hears from the serpent that she will be like God and will know the difference of good and evil, giving her more knowledge
  • Eve was allowed anything in the Garden of Eden and still wanted more
  • Eve is ambitious and eats the forbidden fruit despite directly disobeying God
  • Ambition overpowers Eve's judgment and God's beliefs --> pure and fair to balance the Universe

MACBETH: Ambition

Conclusion

"I have no spur/To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting abition, which o'erleaps itself/And falls on the other" (1.7.25-28)

Ambition: Adam and Eve are ambitious individuals which causes them to attempt God-like status

The Story of Adam and Eve

  • Adam and Eve caused disorder in the Garden of Eden
  • Humanity inherited sin and flaws from Adam and Eve's original sin
  • Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are evil due to Adam and Eve

Disruption in Great Chain of Being: Macbeth and Lady Macbeth kill King Duncan to fulfill their aspiration to become king and queen, resulting in a disruption to the order of Scotland

  • Context: Macbeth's soliloquy in which he is personally debating King Duncan's murder
  • There is no valid reason or explanation as to why King Duncan should be murdered
  • nothing to "spur" his "intent" to kill or true motivation
  • Macbeth's ambition is "vaulting" and drives his desire for power
  • The strength of ambition causes Macbeth to "o'erleap" and "fall on the other" side
  • Ambition is compelling him to commit murder

The Story of Adam and Eve cont'd

Disruption in Great Chain of Being: Adam and Eve attempt to achieve equal status to God

  • God created Adam in his own image

  • Eve was created to keep Adam company

  • The two humans lived in the Garden of Eden

  • Adam and Eve were told they could do and eat anything in the Garden except for the fruits from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
  • The serpent convinces Eve to eat the forbidden fruit saying that she will become equal to God
  • Eve then convinces Adam to eat the fruit
  • The two realize their sins and try to hide from God
  • Adam and Eve blame each other and tries to lie to God
  • Adam, Eve and the serpent receive several punishments from God

Evil: Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have no morals or loyalty towards God, King Duncan, and individuals interfering with their ambition.

Their ambition and desire to disrupt the Great Chain overpower their judgment and morals

Evil: When given the chance to obey God, Adam and Eve abandon their morals and loyalty to Him and selfishly introduce sin into the world

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