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International Olympic Committee (IOC)

Side-effects

  • Allergies
  • Kidney damage
  • Increased blood viscosity (thickness)
  • Increased risk of heart attack
  • Blood clot
  • Stroke
  • Infections or virus

After the development of EPO, the use of blood doping fell considerably, however since the development of a test for EPO detection and the lack of testing for autologous doping, it is again on the rise.

Blood doping

The IOC works to maintain the integrity of sports, protect the health of athletes, and enforce equality for all competing athletes through the regulation and banning of drugs.

... is defined by WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) as the misuse of techniques and/or substances to increases ones red blood cell count.

  • Red blood cells are taken out of the body and the blood is frozen.
  • Body compensates for the loss.
  • Blood cells injected back into body meaning O2 capacity is unfairly increased.
  • increased capacity to transport 02 to the working muscles.
  • Simulates high altitude training without expense or effort.

Drugs banned by the IOC...

– stimulants,

– narcotic-analgesics,

– anabolic agents,

– diuretics,

– anxiety reducing drugs,

– peptide hormones and analogues,

– drugs subject to certain restrictions: alcohol, marijuana, beta blockers.

Prohibited methods include...

-Blood doping

Drugs

Drugs

'any chemical introduced to the body which affects how the body works'.

Doping...the term used to improve performance by taking drugs.

Socially acceptable drugs

  • To win competitions/prizes/money/medals

Why a sports person might take drugs?

Task

  • Improve performance/gain advantage
  • Train harder/longer
  • Fear of losing place in team
  • Mask injury
  • Become stronger/faster/lose weight/ more energy

Nicotine and Alcohol

  • Recover from training/ performing
  • Pressure from media/sponsorship/media/team mates
  • Calmer/ improves alertness
  • Believe they wont get caught
  • Believe all athletes are doing it

Smoking

Alcohol

...is banned in most sports.

Match each drug with the

Reason for taking the drug, the long term dangers and athletes likely to use.

Stick on A3 paper

Nicotine is a legal drug, though it is slowly becoming less socially acceptable.

When a person smokes they take in harmful chemicals, the worst being tar.

Tobacco contains nicotine which is highly addictive, this stimulates the brain to release noradrenaline, which is usually released in times of stress.

It can have an unfair or detrimental effect on a sports performer...

It acts as a sedative, slowing reactions and impairing judgement.

Can be very dangerous in sports that rely on judgement at speed e.g. driving.

What are the effects of alcohol on the performer?

What are the effects of smoking on the performer?

  • Reduces co ordination and slower reaction time.
  • Muscles unable to work for as long or as hard.
  • Reduces level of fitness
  • Increase weight
  • Dehydration
  • Liver and kidney damage
  • Addiction
  • Poor decision making and coordination
  • low self esteem - anxiety

Short term...

  • Raises pulse rate for so makes heart work faster for no reason.
  • Raises the blood pressure
  • Reduces the red blood cells ability to transport oxygen.

Long term...

  • Addictive
  • Reduces lung capacity/shortage of breath/ poor gaseous exchange.
  • Reduces stamina
  • Increase risk of heart disease and lung cancer.
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