Cell Analogy Project (Cell City: Animal Cell)

Cell Analogy Project (Cell City: Animal Cell)

By: Alyssa Tackett

The Cytoskeleton

The Mitochondria

The cytoskeleton is a three-dimensional that fills the cytoplasm. This structure acts as both a muscle and skeleton, for movement and stability.

In a city this would compare to the restraints on a bridge because they help support the bridge.

Golgi Apparatus

The Mitochondria is a small organelle found in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).

In a city this would compare to a power plant because it provides energy for the rest of the cell and makes the cell possible. In an animal cell ATP is created through the breakdown of glucose. Like a power plant which breaks down coal for energy or power.

The Gogli Apparatus or Golgi Complex is found in most cells. It is another packaging organelle like the ER. Named after Camillo Golgi, a famous Italian Biologist.

In a city, this would compare to a UPS store or mail office where things are packaged and organized. They are later sent throughout the cell.

The Nuclear Membrane

Ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Nuclear Membrane is the double lipid bilayer membrane which surrounds the genetic material and nucleolus in eukaryotic cells.

In a city this would compare to a wall that protects the city because it can manage what goes in and what goes out. The cell membrane also protects the inside of the cell as well.

The rough ER is a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell. They either have a smooth surface (smooth ER) or rough, studded surface,(rough ER).

In a city this would compare to I-4 during the 5 o'clock rush hour, because there is no smooth flow it is staggered and well, a rough ride.

The Nucelus

The function of the nucleus is that it's the center that is in control of everything. The Nucleus also contains hereditary information of the cell.

In a city this would compare to a city administration building or city hall. It compares in this way because it manages information of the cell or city in this case and sends it to the rest of the cell.

Chromosomes

Lysosome

Ribosomes are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell. They are like construction guys who connect one amino acid at a time and build long chains. Ribosomes are special because they are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

In a city the ribosomes would compare to a lumber yard because protein synthesis is carried out. RNA and amino acids are gathered together to make proteins. Proteins serve as the machinery for the cell much like a power plant or sewage would in a city.

Chromosomes are thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

In a city this would compare to you. You and your family. Mom, Dad, Sister, Brother, anyone in your family because you are linked together by DNA much like chromosomes are.

A Lysosome is an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.

In a city this would compare to the Waste Disposal because the lysosome breaks materials down and digests them in the membrane by using different enzymes, thus leading to the waste diposal.

The Nucleolus

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm is a thick solution that fills each cell and is enclosed by the cell membrane. Mainly composed of water, salts, and proteins. In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm includes all of the material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus.

In a city this would compare to the air because it surrounds everything like cytoplasm. We communicate through air. Organelles communicate with each other through cytoplasm.

The Nuceolus is where ribosomes are manufactured.

In a city this would compare to a Mayor because it is in charge and controls everything. It directs all of the activities of the cell including reproduction, like the creation of a new city.

The Membrane

In a cell the cell membrane is the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.

In a city this would compare to something with security, such as a gated community because it keeps things out that should be and protects what's on the inside.

Sources

http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_vacuole.html

Vacuoles

http://biology.about.com/od/biologydictionary/g/cytoplasm.htm

http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0005975.html

http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Nuclear_membrane

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

https://www.genome.gov/26524120

http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/tutorials/cytoskeleton/page1.html

Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells. Vacuoles might store food or many nutrients a cell needs to survive. They can also store waste to prevent contamination.

In a city this would compare to a warehouse because it stores many things here.

The ER is a network tubules containing membranes within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.

In a city the ER would compare to a business that manufactures things, becaue manufactureres, manufacture things, which means to make and store. Much like the ER does.

http://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/endoplasmic-reticulum-rough-and-smooth/