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forced separation (mostly in education and housing)

The Cold War Unfolds

Two Sides in Europe and Nuclear Weapons

Cold War Goes Global

Soviet Union in the Cold War

United States in the Cold War

soviets sought to spread communist ideology

Alliances

Free Markets. Mixed economy, but mostly market economy.

ideology

value system and beliefs

SU

US

around the globe.

Containment

Containment of the Communist countries.

strategy of keeping something within its existing boundaries and preventing further expansion. it means supporting any gvt facing invasion or internal rebellion by that something.

Stalin and Communist Successors

e. Europe

w. Europe

NATO:

SOVIET UNION

UNITED STATES

Warsaw Pact:

nuclear

built fallout structures

NATO+Southeast-Asia

protect people from fallout (radioactive particles)

SEATO:

Stalin

Nikita Khrushchev

Leonid Brezhnev

weapons

individual alliances with

Leonid Brezhnev

leads

NATO

leads

Warsaw Pact

Nikita Khrushchev

held power mid-1960's to 1982. Critics faced arrest and imprisonment.

held power 1953 to mid-1960's. denounced Stalin's abuse of power, but kept Communist Party's political control. closed prison camps and eased censorship. called for a "peaceful coexistence" with the West.

North Atlantic

Africa and Asia

CENTO:

Britain, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan

in case of nuclear threat

superpowers

Treaty Organization

Superpowers

nations stronger than other

powerful nations.

in

eastern

western

individual alliances with

Cold War fears led to "red scare" in US

BERLIN

Japan, South Korea, etc.

Soviet bloc

Europe

Many Americans feared that communists in the US might try to undermine the gvt.

many local conflicts all over the globe

many revolts in

East Europe

NO COMMUNISM!

Some Soviets Bravely Resist.

Fidel Castro

began Cuban Revolution. rebelled against Cuban dictator with Soviet Union's help. began Cuban communist regime.

Fidel Castro organized rebellion.

IN CUBA:

"balance of terror"

mutually assured destruction. discouraged nuclear war.

Cuba goes Communist.

Andrey Sakharov spoke out for civil liberties.

Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn criticized Stalin.

HUAC led a similar campaign. They sought to expose communist sympathizers in Hollywood's movie industry. Many of the accused were no longer able to get decent jobs.

Senator Joseph McCarthy led a hunt. became notorious for unproven charges. Accusing innocent people of communism=McCarthyism.

Reagan launches program

anti-ballistic missiles (ABM)

Kennedy supports the Bay of Pigs Invasion

missiles that could shoot down other

missiles from hostile countries

agree to limit ABMs

Ronald Reagan

US president in 1980's. Critics objected to his

"Star Wars" program. signed START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) with Soviet Union 1991

invasion attempt by US-trained Cuban exiles to end communist regime in Cuba

to build "Star Wars" missile defense

John F. Kennedy

US president. attempted to bring down Cuban communism. imposed trade embargo on Cuba that still remains today.

Detente

relaxation of tensions

era of Detente

agreements led to an

The Industrialized Democracies

America Prospers

Democracy Expands Opportunities

Western Europe Rebuilds

Japan's Transformation

Germany

Foreign trade helps achieve a long postwar boom in US.

AMERICA DEMANDS CIVIL RIGHTS

Japan had suffered the most devastating damage in WWII.

recessions became

recession

a period when the economy shrinks

West Germany's

"Economic Miracle"

many minority groups faced legal segregation and discrimination

East Germany

West Germany

brief and mild

segregation

Martin Luther King Jr.

discrimination

unequal treatment or barriers (mostly in jobs and voting)

US=world's wealthiest economy.

suburbanization.

suburbanization

movement of people to communities outside an urban core.

American occupation in Japan establishes parliamentary democracy and starts social reforms. Occupation ends 1952.

1990

suburbanites typically lived in single-family homes with lawns and access to good schools. highways allowed residents to commute to work by car.

SU occupied

Warsaw Pact

communist state

economy stagnated

US-GB-FR occupied

NATO alliance

democratic gvt

economic boom

leader of Civil

Rights Movement

Germany

Konrad Adenauer

West Germany's chancellor 1949-1963. guided rebuilding of cities, factories, and trade. build a modern and highly productive industrial base.

Adenauer helped create a booming industrial economy

Women Demand

Equality

many moved to the Sunbelt (states in the South and Southwest)

THE

COLD

WAR

JAPAN DEVELOPS THE LDP (Liberal Democratic Party)

Americans of all races joined the movement.

Many European nations weak, so abandoned their colonial empires after WWII

won laws banning discrimination against women

Japan's success was built on export.

movies, television, rock-and-roll.

Economic Miracle.

The Welfare State

Welfare State

a country with a market economy but with increased gvt responsibility for the social and economic needs of its people

Its GDP soared year after year.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

total value of all goods and services produced in a nation within a particular year

advantages

disadvantages

reasons for success:

Pres. Eisenhower

Pres. Truman

Government Role Grows.

Republicans Respond.

high taxes and greater gvt regulations of private enterprise. Conservatives condemned this.

national healthcare, unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, aid to the poor, economic cushions.

Congress made programs to help veterans, the elderly, and the poor

approved gvt funding to build vast interstate highway system

had industrialized before in the past

Amercan military protection saved Japan money

educated and skilled workforce

gvt protected industries by limiting imports

expanded social programs for poor and disadvantaged. Democrats funded Medicare.

ended some social programs, reduced gvt regulation of economy, cut taxes, increased military spending.

European Community

the European Community

organization dedicated to establishing free trade among member nations (West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Italy, and later Britain and others) for all products. gradually ended terrifs and allowed workers and capital to move freely accross national borders.

political crisis in Middle East->Oil Shock->Recession

End of the Cold War

Communism Declines Around the World

Soviet Union Declines

Changes in Eastern Europe

The US as Sole Superpower

After Gorbachev introduced glasnost and perestroika, demands for freedom increase.

North Korea

China

Hungary quietly reforms,

Hungary had remained loyal to the Warsaw Pact, so it was allowed to go ahead with reforms.

signs of weakness in the Soviet System

Victory in WWII brought few rewards for Soviet people.

Khrushchev and Brezhnev's reforms gave way to repression

Soviet command economy could not match Western rivals

Cracking under the burden of military commitments

After the decline of the SU, only the US could project its power around the world.

Solidarity

refused to reform at all. rigidly totalitarian gvt. isolated itself.

Lech Walesa

independent labor union in Poland. won millions of members and demanded political as well as economic change.

Solidarity's leader. Arrested by gvt. and became a national hero. After release, became Polish president.

Poland embraces solidarity,

Lech Walesa organized Solidarity.

builds on Deng's economic reforms but refuses political changes

US emerged as world's leading military power.

Soviets have their own "Vietnam" in Afghanistan

East Germans demand change

resisted Gorgachev's reforms. considered glasnost subversive.

Vietnam

Cuba

mujahedin

Vaclav Havel

Muslim religious warriors

dissident writer and human rights activist of Czechoslovakia

Soviets battled American-aided mujahedin in the difficult mountains of Afghanistan.

Communist

gvts fall,

Gorbachev announced he would not interfere with reforms. Solidarity legalized in Poland, and Walesa became president. Vaclav Havel became president of Czechoslovakia. East and West Germany began to reunite. Ceausescu was executed. Soviet Union crumbled.

Americans seemed unsure of their proper role in the world.

economy deteriorated. many feel

that communism here would not long outlive its founder, Castro.

Nicolae Ceausescu

opened itself up to the world.

established diplomatic relations

with the US

found its way economically

Romania's longtime dictator who refused to step down

Gorbachev's reforms called for glasnost and perestroika.

and Czechoslovakia splits.

perestroika

glasnost

restructuring of the gvt and economy. reduce size of bureaucracy and back limited private enterprise.

oppenness. no censorship. discuss country's problems openly.

Some rejected the risk and expense of being the "world's policemen," while others believed the US should be more aggressive in world affairs.

However, they brought economic turmoil.

1992, Czechs and Slovaks peacefully agreed to divide Czechoslovakia into Slovakia and the Czech Republic.

Soviet Union separated into 12 nations

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