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China:
- China is an extremely large country by land as well as population (1.379 billion).
- It is the largest exporting country in the world. China exports mostly mechanical appliances and electrical equipment, such as computers and phones. Also, most toys and clothing in Canada are from China, you can see "Made in China" everywhere in you closet.
- Other major imports include plastics and rubber, as well as rare earth metals.
- China imports goods from Canada, too including mineral materials such as nickel, copper, and potash. It is also a major buyer for wood and paper products, as well as fish products and oil seeds.
- The North American Free Trade Agreement .
- Originally signed in 1989 by the U.S and Canada, it changed rules that blocked trade between two nations (taxes on goods traded with each other would be lower so goods could move across the border at a lower cost).
- Expanded in the 1990's to include Mexico.
- NAFTA results in more than one billion dollars of goods crossing the Canada - U.S border per day.
- Allows Canada and Mexico to sell more goods and resources in U.S's large market.
- Can argue that U.S benefits the most as large U.S companies flood Canadian and Mexican markets with cheap goods, making it hard for local companies to survive.
- NAFTA also has increased Canada and Mexico's dependence on the U.S (When the U.S economy is good....we are good. When it is bad....we also suffer).
- Conflict also takes place between two or more separate countries.
- Wars and fighting can begin for many reasons
- Control over land and resources.
- Religious disagreements (Sudanese civil war).
- Political revolutions (Civil war in Syria).
- Conflict between ethnic groups (Israel - Palestine conflict).
- Conflict and wars can lead to widespread death and destruction.
- For many years, Canada was a peacekeeping nation. This changed in the 1990's as Canada began sending troops to participate in different international conflicts.
- Persian Gulf War (sent supplies to Iraq).
- Yugoslavian civil war.
- Afghanistan.
- The fees charged to harvest the timber in the US are dictated by the market, rather than the law.
- Canadian stumpage fees (based on labor, transportation costs, etc) are significantly lower than the prices in the US.
- Therefore, the U.S believes this is unfair and that by harvesting timber on Crown land at low rates, Canadian companies should be subject to trade remedy laws. These laws would restore the price to match market rates.
- Trade agreements between countries is extremely important.
- Trade what we have plenty of (potash) for money, and for resources we don't have a lot of.
- Helps build a country's economy.
- Creates jobs.
Australia:
- Australia imports mechanical appliances, electrical machinery and equipment, as well as optical and medical equipment, as well as automobiles.
- Australia exports to Canada chemicals, precious metals and stones, as well as a variety of meats and beverages (wine).
Japan:
- Japan imports machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, and raw materials from Canada, including canola, coal, wheat, pork, wood pulp, lumber, copper and aluminum.
- Japan exports transport equipment, motor vehicles, electrical machinery and chemicals.
- Problems sometimes occur due to trade agreements and rules (Softwood lumber dispute).
- World Trade Organization (WTO) includes 153 countries. The WTO settles trade issues.
- The softwood lumber industry is important for both the Canadian and US economy. Both countries have been trading lumber since the 1800s. The dispute is one of the longest and most important trade disputes between the United States and Canada, affecting the lumber industry to the present day.
- Due to the size of the market, the US is heavily dependent on the import of timber from Canada, as domestic supplies are insufficient to meet customer needs. Softwood lumber (cedar, Douglas fir, pine, spruce) is used in building constructions, furniture, etc.
- The dispute was set in motion when the US lumber industry objected to the low Canadian stumpage rates and transportation costs, perceived by the US as an unfair advantage.
- In Canada, the majority of timber is on Crown land while in the U.S, the majority is on private land.
Russia:
- Russia exports mostly mineral products, precious stones and beverages to Canada as well as fertilizers, iron and steel products
- Canada mostly exports manufactured goods to Russia, including industrial and agricultural machinery, automotive products, optical, photo and medical instruments and electronics.
- Throughout Canadian history, conflict has taken place as a result of the pursuit of resources.
- First Nations groups across Canada were negatively affected by European newcomers desire for the land and resources Canada had to offer.
- Algonquin and Cree in present-day Que.
- Plains Cree and Blackfoot in SK.
- Dene and Woods Cree in Northern SK.
- Wakashan and Haida in B.C.
- Resources help shape relationships among countries (Canada, U.S.A, Mexico, Pacific Rim).
Resource: the raw materials or products that include natural resources, human resources, and capital resources (equipment, buildings).
- As the nation of Canada moved westward, conflicts over land and resources developed.
- Led to the creation of treaties, the Indian Act, and reservations.
- Resources create cooperation as countries trade and share what they need.
- Resources can also create problems related to disagreements, and environmental issues.
- Oil
- Agriculture
- Timber
- Potash
- Uranium
- etc
- International business is a very important part in the interdependence between Canada and Pacific Rim countries, and it includes importing and exporting.
- A large amount of Canada's clothing and food are imported from Pacific Rim countries, such as China, Taiwan, South Korea, North Korea, Japan, Australia, and Vietnam.
- Canada also exports goods, for example, potash is a main mineral in Saskatchewan, it is an important fertilizer for crops and other plants. So Canada exports potash to other countries who need them, including Brazil, India, and China.
U.S.A
- Oil
- Timber
- Coal
- Gas
- Agriculture
MEXICO
- Oil
- Silver
- Copper
- Canada relies heavily on countries all over the world for the trade and sale/purchase of resources, goods, and services.
What is interdependence?
- Relationships in which countries or members of a group are mutually dependent on others. This concept differs from a dependence relationship, where some members are dependent and some are not. In an interdependent relationship, participants may be emotionally, economically or ecologically reliant on and responsible to each other. An interdependent relationship can arise between two or more cooperative participants.
> Select a favorite personal item as the basis for a 3 minute presentation (clothing, shoes, phone, basketball).
> Research the object and identify where the item was made. As preparation for your presentation, locate the country on a map.
> Research the country, identifying its primary exports and imports, education, economy, living conditions and so on.
> Outline potential positive and negative aspects of your findings.
> How does the knowledge you've gained affect your decision to buy the product again?
> You will also provide one or two methods for increasing consumer knowledge.