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Logical Fallacy

Daisy Girl- Lyndon Johnson

Message:

Vote Lyndon Johnson to prevent a nuclear fallout.

Persuasion:

The ad uses emotional manipulation using a little girl, which represents innocence and the future of society, then suggesting that she gets decimated by a nuclear bomb.

Group in Society:

The advertisement says that the audience responds more to fear and empathy than hard fact.

Fallacies:

  • False Dilemma; the ad suggests that either you vote Lyndon Johnson or a nuclear fallout will happen. "We must either love each other, or we must die." Is another example in the ad of this fallacy.
  • Appeal to Emotions; if a nuclear war happens many people will be affected, but the ad chose to portray the most fragile group in society in order to bring out pathos in the audience.
  • False Fact; the ad claims: Johnson will prevent a nuclear fallout, nuclear fallout are bad, so vote for Johnson. The fact that nuclear fallouts hurt people doesn't prove that Johnson will make a good president

JFK For President- JFK

Message:

If you want a perfect president, vote Kennedy.

Persuasion:

By asking some questions the audience would obviously agree to, the audience lends more credibility to the last claim that Kennedy should be president. The ad also uses catchy jingles and positive images to correlate Kennedy's name with

Group in Society:

This ad believes that the audience-american voters- are easily convinced who to vote for with catchy songs and pictures of happy people rather than policies.

Audience: American voters.

Fallacies:

  • Hypnotic Bait and Switch; The ad asks many uncontroversial yes questions (do you want an experienced progressive president?) followed by "Vote Kennedy." This way the audience answers yes to all the previous questions then get duped into saying yes to vote Kennedy.
  • Ambiguity Fallacy; "Kennedy will fight for what is right." What is 'right' is completely up to the person. There is no way Kennedy's definition of what is right matches everyone of the audience. But it is left vague so the audience would think so.
  • False Dilemma; "Do you deny to any man the right he's guaranteed to be elected president no matter what his creed." The ad is insinuating that you either support Kennedy or you deny him his right to being president because of his creed.

These Hands - Romney

Target audience: American voters; specifically business owners

Fallacies:

Message:

Obama disrespects business owners and will not serve their best interest, Romney will.

Persuasion:

The ad uses out of context soundbites and then follows up with personal anecdotes from business owners working hard in order to get the audience to relate to the ad. After which it ends with a powerful speech.

Group in society:

This commercial counts on the american audience not fact checking as well relating to the hard struggle of starting a business.

  • Straw man argument; The ad misrepresents Obama's arguments by using out of context sound bites as well as 'putting words in his mouth' by saying that" [Obama says] that Steve jobs didn't build Apple"
  • Appeal to Accomplishments; In the ad, the business owner is arguing that because his family built the business with little help, the audience can trust his opinion on the matter.
  • Appeal to Common Folk; The ad insinuates that the business owner and Romney are hard working americans just like the audience, and therefore if Obama's policies hurt them then it will hurt the audience too.

Mirrors | Hillary Clinton

Message:

Donald Trump is not a good president for the audience's daughters.

Persuasion:

The target audience is persuaded to not vote for Donald Trump because if they do, their daughters will grow up insecure. It uses music and dark lighting to emotionally manipulate the viewer.

Group in society:

This advertisement says that american voters are more easily persuaded by emotions than by facts. So rather than criticizing the policies, it is more effective to use emotional manipulation.

Two Americas: Donald Trump

Target Audience: Voters, specifically ones with daughters.

Fallacies:

Target Audience: American voters

  • Informal fallacy; the ad* incites fear in audience that Donald Trump will not serve the best interests of young women based on soundbites rather than his policies.
  • Hasty generalization; invites the audience to draw the conclusion that because Donald Trump insulted persons who were women, it means that he should not be 'the president for our daughters.'
  • Genetic fallacy; the fact that Donald Trump insulted some women before, is irrelevant to the claim that his policies are harmful to women.
  • Formal fallacies; Donald trump insults people who happen to be women

Those who hate women insult women

Therefore Donald Trump hates women

Fallacies:

  • Limited Depth; The ad lists that many horrible things will happen if Clinton becomes president but does not list how or why they will happen. It also lists that many good things will happen under Trump's presidency but does not explain his plans for doing so.
  • Slippery Slope; The ad claims that if Hillary becomes president, many consequences will happen without any proof.
  • Appeal to Emotion; The ad uses dark lighting and videos of sad people when talking about Clinton while using happy people and a sunny setting when talking about trump.
  • Ambiguity Fallacy; The ad claims many great things will happen without specifying what will happen under his presidency; What constitutes as the american dream? and what type of change?

Message:

A Clinton presidency will bring downfall to american society while a Trump one will allow it to prosper.

Persuasion:

The advertisement uses contrast in lighting, contrast in the emotions of actors and buzzwords to convey its message.

Group in Society:

The ad says that american voters are swayed by buzzwords and deeply care about "the american dream."

*A failure in reasoning that renders an argument invalid

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