GNSS-based operations - PBN Concept

GNSS-based operations - PBN Concept

New with PBN

Introduction

What is PBN ?

Why PBN ?

Reduces Infrastructure

PBN stands for Performance Based Navigation

- PBN reduces the reliance on sensor-specific, ground-based navigational aids; such as NDB, VOR and DME.

- It reduces the cost of maintaining the ground-based navigation infrastructure.

Improves Operational Efficiency

Increases Airspace Capacity

- Increases traffic capacity through more efficient routes and smoother flows.

- Reduces airspace conflicts between adjacent airports and prohibited or special use airspace.

- Reduces fuel waste through shorter flight tracks and optimized profile descents.

- Allows for a more efficient use of airspace with more direct and closely spaced parallel tracks.

- Avoids the need for developing sensor-specific operations with each new evolution of navigation systems, which would be cost-prohibitive.

PBN BENEFITS

• Requires the use of on-board performance-monitoring systems.

• Creates requirements for airworthiness certification and operational approval to use area navigation system in airspace implementation.

• The area navigation system's performance and the general operation must conform to the requirements stipulated in the ICAO navigation specification.

Traditionally, RNAV (Radio Navigation) systems performance was evaluated through a combination of analysis and flight testing.

As new systems for RNAV were developed, evaluated and certified; airspace was developed based on the performance of these available equipments.

That led to prescriptive specifications of requirements, and high costs for maintaining the proper certification.

Examples of the equipments for RNAV are traditional nav-aids such as VOR, DME and on-board systems such as INS.

The PBN concept represents a shift from sensor-based navigation or traditional RNAV, to a Performance Based Navigation.

Performance requirements are defined in terms of the accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity and functionality, which are needed for the operations in a particular airspace concept.

Multiple navigation sensors and equipment may be used to meet the performance requirements, allowing for operators to evaluate the options and choose the most cost-effective.

Improves Safety

Reduces Environmental Impact

ACCURACY

INTEGRITY

How small is the difference

between our estimated position

and our real position.

AVAILABILITY

Are our measures suitable

enough for

our operations?

- Provides consistent, predictable and stabilized approaches.

- Provides very precise lateral and vertical flight paths.

- Enables aircraft to reliably access airports with lower visibility restrictions.

- Aircraft arrive at the runway aligned with the centerline: same configuration & same speed every time.

CONTINUITY

- ​Reduces emissions by saving fuel.

- Achieved via shorter/vertically optimized PBN flight paths.

- Allows aircraft to descend from high altitudes to airports at minimum thrust settings.

- Provides more control over noise with:

How much time is our

system providing the

continuity, accuracy and

integrity requirements?

How much time is our

system functioning

properly?

FUNCTIONALITY

What is the purpose of

our system?

• Consistent, precise paths that can be routed to avoid noise sensitive areas.

• Noise levels can be reduced via use of optimized profile descents.

• Allows for lower, quieter thrust levels.

Airspace Concept

Implementation

Thanks for your attention. Any questions?

Navigation

Surveillance

Communication

ATM

Use of Navigation Specification & Navaid infraestructure

RNAV

RNP

Ground based navigation Aids

Space based navigation Aids

VOR

GPS

DME

GLONASS

In future

GALILEO

To sum up

Augmentation Systems

GNSS Limitations and Issues

Operational Advantages of GNSS

GNSS has the potential to support all phases of flight

• Achievement of a high availability. First GNSS relied on traditional NAVAIDs as a back-up when there were insufficient satellites in view. SBAS and GBAS are designed to enhance performance, particularly in terms of availability.

• Interferences can affect more than one aircraft simultaneously.

• Approach minima depends also on the physical characteristics of the aerodrome, such as lighting.

• The safety of GNSS navigation depends on the accuracy of databases.

The PBN concept may be considered as the near future of the navigation paradigm. With a wide list of improvements in efficiency, safety and airspace capacity, infrastructure reduction, and environmental friendliness, it will establish a new dimension for the navigation systems.

GNSS is proven as a powerful tool for the PBN concept. Its characteristics of accuracy, the integrity and accuracy boost provided by augmentations systems, and its widespread use makes GNSS as the best candidate for PBN operations.

• Allow for decommissioning of ground systems designated to meet requirements for certain phases of flight.

• Provides accurate guidance in remote and oceanic areas, where traditional NAVAIDs are cost prohibitive.

• In already served areas by NAVAIDs, GNSS supports area navigation operations, allowing for more efficient flight paths and noise abatement procedures.

• GNSS can improve airport usability, through lower minima, without the need to install new ground stations.

• GNSS can be implemented in stages, providing operational benefits with each stage, so operators can decide when to equip GNSS avionics.