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Neoclassicism vs. Romanticism

Romanticism

vs.

Neoclassicism

Neoclassicism

neoclassicism cont.

The Raft of Medusa

Jean Auguste Dominique

  • Studied and copied classical sculpture
  • New style of art based on the art of Greece and Rome, this style had been born in the late 18th century
  • When buried ruins of Pompeii and Herculaneum were found in the 1730s and 1740s the world gained a renewed interest in the classical period and art forms
  • Used classical forms to express their ideas on courage, sacrifice, and love of country
  • Exhibits of art created by academy members were called salons. they were social events which aimed to create interest in controversy
  • Characterized by balanced compositions, following contour lines, noble gestures and expression

Neoclassicism

Romanticism

  • Gericault's energetic handling of paint and the rousing scene of this titanic struggle initiated the Romantic era in French which launched Romanticism.
  • Was based on the shipwreck of a government ship called the Medusa. The ship was carrying French colonists headed towards Senegal when it sank off the coast of Africa due to the incompetence of the captain.
  • The captain and crew took over the lifeboats and towed a makeshift raft piled with 149 passengers. Eventually the rope was cut, leaving the immigrants stranded at sea for 12 days suffering unspeakable torments. Only 15 lived.
  • Gericault interviewed the survivors like a reporter, hearing their tales of starvation, madness and cannibalism.
  • For authenticity he studied the corpses, sketched decapitated heads and faces of the victims, and built a model raft in his studio.
  • The theme of this painting involves the “struggle for survival” that not only captures the past but contemporary reality.
  • The painting’s fame broke down the strong influence of the Classical Academy, and conformed French art to stress emotion rather than intellect.

  • French neoclassical painter
  • Ingres's portraits, both painted and drawn, that were recognized as his greatest legacy
  • Ingres is considered one of the last Neoclassical painters. When his life ended, so did the movement
  • Considered himself the protector of French academic orthodoxy, and fought against the rising popularity of Romanticism

Values: Order, solemnity

Tone: Calm, rational

Subjects: Greek and Roman history, mythology

Technique: Stressed drawing with lines, not color; no trace of brushstrokes

Role of Art: Morally uplifting, inspirational

Founder: David

Values: intuition, emotion, imagination

Inspiration: Medieval and Baroque eras, Middle and far east.

Tone: subjective, spontaneous, nonconformist

Subjects: legends, exotica, nature, violence.

Genres: narratives of heroic struggle, landscapes, wild animals.

Techniques: quick brush strokes, strong light-and-shade contrasts

Composition: use of diagonal

Jacques Louis David

Eugene Delacroix

Snow Storm: Steam Boat off of Harbour's Mouth

  • One of the first artists to work in the neoclassical style. He was involved in politics, and he was a skilled painter
  • David became a court painter
  • Painted the death of Marat as a tribute to Jean Paul Marat
  • Admired noble simplicity and calm beauty of the greek art , he tried to capture this in this paintings

  • Was a French Romantic artist
  • His use of expressive brushstrokes and his study of the optical effects of colour profoundly shaped the work of the Impressionists
  • lithography was also incorporated into his work
  • orphan at age 16

  • On a trip to Rome, when he first saw Classical art, David had a breakthrough vision
  • He excitedly began to draw body parts from every antique sculpture he encountered saying, “I want to work in a pure Greek style.”
  • David went to jail and became head of the Napoleon's art program since he was adaptable and a talented painter
  • During this period his colours became brighter and he never let his paint strokes show.
  • His paintings have a tight, smooth, glossy finish
  • For three decades his art was the official model for what French and European art was supposed to be

  • Oil paint on canvas
  • Shows a steam-boat at the heart of the vortex of a storm
  • Theme of dreadful catastrophe
  • Turner was able to grasp the nature of the storm better than many other artists

The Raft of Medusa

(1818-1819)

La Grande Odalisque

(1814)

Theodore Gericault

  • In his private life he was an archetypal Romantic who dedicated himself to a life of passion.
  • He seemed to have no concern for his own well-being. “Safety last” would have been his motto.
  • He was called a madman and was banned by Louvre, Paris for brawling in the Grande Galerie.
  • Fascinated by horses he died at the age of 32 after a series of riding accidents.

La Grande Odalisque

The Oath of Horatio

The Death of Marat

(1793)

  • Oil paint on canvas
  • Ingres portrays a courtesan in leisurely pose as seen from behind with distorted proportions
  • Her body has been manipulated by the artist for the purpose of visual pleasure, both for the artist and the viewer

Liberty Leading The People

(1827)

  • This painting includes three brothers who swear to defeat their enemies or die for Rome.
  • Illustrates a new mood of self-sacrifice instead of self-indulgence
  • Demonstrates the difference between old and new by contrasting the men’s straight, rigid contours with the curved, soft shapes of the women
  • Each figure is arranged like a statue, spot-lit against the plain background of Roman arches
  • David ensured historical accuracy by dressing dummies in Roman costumes and helmets he created, that he could then copy
  • Marked the death or Rococo and the birth of Neoclassical art which should, David said, “Contribute forcefully to the education of the public.”

Snow Storm: Steam Boat off of Harbour's Mouth

(1842)

The Oath of Horatio

(1784)

Romanticism

The Death of Marat

Liberty Leading The People

Joseph Turner

  • Techniques used highlighted the differences between the romantic approach and the neoclassical style
  • When the French government bought the painting, officials deemed its glorification of liberty too “inflammatory” and removed it from public view

  • Tribute to Jean Paul Marat
  • Marat's assassination, a young women stabs him in the bath while he is signing her petition
  • Marat suffered from a skin condition. Which caused him to take medical baths

  • Romanticism, first defined as an aesthetic in literary criticism
  • 1800
  • Offers an alternative to the ordered world of Enlightenment thought
  • Result of the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789
  • Focused on emotions, feelings, and moods of all kinds including spirituality, imagination, mystery and fervor

  • British Romantic landscape painter, watercolourist, and print maker
  • Artistic style can be said to have laid the foundation for Impressionism
  • Regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivaling history painting
  • His works of art bridged the gap between "traditional" art and Modernism.

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