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Mammals: Seals

Seals

  • Gray seal
  • Harbour seal
  • Ringed seal

Harbor Seal

Source: Helcom Seal Database

Ringed Seal

Grey Seal

Mammals: Harbor Porpoise

  • Only type of whale species in Baltic Sea
  • Live in shallower areas, sometimes in rivers

Mammal: Otter

  • Less shy/friendly than dolpins
  • Live primarily in the shallow coastal areas
  • Used to live near archipelagos but numbers are declining

Birds

  • Over 300 bird species
  • 18 duck species

Black-Throated Diver

Razorbill

Goosander

Threats to Marine Animals

Tundra Swan

Steller's Eider

  • Eutrophication, which leads to issues such as:
  • Toxic algae
  • Lower oxygen levels
  • Over-fishing
  • Pollution
  • Contamination
  • Oil
  • Construction
  • New species

Presentation Overview

Algae Bloom

  • Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea Region
  • Baltic Sea animals:
  • plankton/benthos
  • fish
  • birds
  • mammals
  • Problems facing marine life & species protection
  • Sources

Benthos and Plankton

  • Benthic species are invertebrate
  • Three dominat invertebrate species:
  • Mollusks
  • Marine Worms (polychaetes)
  • Crustaceans
  • Phytoplankton "blooms" in spring; other plankton depend on time of year, water temperature, year, light, etc.

Species in the Baltic Sea

Baltic Tellin (Macoma balthica)

Fish

Baltic Sea Conditions for Biodiversity

Saduria entomon

Blue Mussel

  • Approximately 100 fish species
  • Marine vs. freshwater fish species vary depending on area (difference salinity tolerance levels)
  • Brackish water (low-salinity levels)
  • Few species but many of each species
  • Biodiversity in different areas of Baltic Sea depend on:
  • Salinity
  • Climate throughout the year
  • Oxygen levels of deeper waters
  • HELCOM estimates: 100 species fish, 450 species macroalgae, 1000 zoobenthos species/3000 plankton species, and more unknown species of bacteria/viruses

Marine Worm

For more pictures/info about species, visit:

http://www.undine-baltic.eu/en/baltic-sea-species.html

Images/videos:

Fish

Baltic Herring

  • Most dominant fish: Baltic Herring
  • Other common fish:
  • Baltic Cod
  • Sprat
  • Perch
  • Pike
  • Flounder

Cod

• Total amount of species per sub basin & total number of species per group: https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/lisa_5-redlistpeg.pdf

• Harbour Seal: http://naturemappingfoundation.org/natmap/facts/harbor_seal_k6.html

• Ringed Seal: http://www.visitbalticsea.net/The_Ringed_Seal.html

• Seals:

• Harbor Porpoise: http://www.undine-baltic.eu/species/index.php?id=106&lang=en; http://www.visitbalticsea.net/The_Harbour_Porpoise.html

• Porpoise video:

• Fish of the Baltic Sea: http://eurwentala.deviantart.com/art/Fish-of-Baltic-Sea-472308984

• Grey Seal: http://www.visitbalticsea.net/The_Harbour_Porpoise.html http://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/en/news/news,399393,growing-population-of-grey-seals-in-the-baltic-sea.html

• Salinity Map: https://balticseaweed.com/tag/salinity/

• Baltic Tellin: http://www.undine-baltic.eu/species/index.php?lang=en&id=130

• Blue Mussel: https://www.submariner-network.eu/projects/balticbluegrowth/about-baltic-blue-growth

• Saduria entomon: http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/biodiversity/red-list-of-species/red-list-of-benthic-invertebrates

• Marine worms (polychaetes): http://www.iopan.gda.pl/projects/Polychaeta/list/HarImb.html

• Herring: http://www.baltic-herring.eu/

• Cod: http://www.visitbalticsea.net/Cod.html

• Black-throated diver: http://www.nationalparks.fi/petkeljarvinp/nature/blackthroateddiver

• Goosander: http://www.visitbalticsea.net/Goosander.html

• Otter: https://naturalsciencestamps.blogspot.com.ee/p/europe-baltic.html; http://ilm.pri.ee/remo-savisaare-loodusfotod?page=2

• Algae Bloom: http://www.undine-baltic.eu/en/baltic-sea-species.html

• Steller’s Eider: http://www.visitbalticsea.net/Stellers_Eider.html

• Razorbill: http://www.visitbalticsea.net/Razorbill.html

Sources

“Baltic Sea Trends.” HELCOM. 2017. http://www.helcom.fi/baltic-sea-trends/. Accessed April

28, 2017.

“Harbor Porpoises.” Marine Bio. http://marinebio.org/species.asp?id=364. Accessed April 30,

2017.

“Initiating Full Scale Mussel Farming in the Baltic Sea.” Sub Mariner Network.

https://www.submariner-network.eu/projects/balticbluegrowth/about-baltic-blue-growth. Accessed April 30, 2017.

Kontula, Tytti and Jannica Haldin, et. al. Checklist for Baltic Sea Species. Helsinki Commission.

https://www.envir.ee/sites/default/files/lisa_5-redlistpeg.pdf. Accessed April 30, 2017.

“Marine Protected Areas in the Eastern Baltic Sea.”

http://www.visitbalticsea.net/index.html. Accessed April 28, 2017.

Ruskule, Anda et. al. See the Baltic See: Unique Assets We Share. Baltic Environmental Forum.

2009. http://bef.ee/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/See-the-Baltic-Sea.pdf.

“The Baltic Sea.” European Environment Agency. January 9, 2017. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/report_2002_0524_154909/regional-seas-around- europe/page141.html.

Baltic Sea Animals

Leslie Gibson

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