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What is Coup-Contrecoup TBI?

Internal and External Sypmtoms

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is damage to the brain caused by external force.

A coup-contrecoup injury is a specific type of TBI where damage occurs at both the site of impact (coup) and at the site directly opposite (contrecoup).

  • Contusions and bruises on sites of impact
  • Bleeding/hemorrhaging in brain
  • Brain swelling
  • Improper flow of cerebrospinal fluid
  • Most common contrecoup injury area is frontal/temporal lobes, resulting in problems with:
  • Planning/decision making
  • Language comprehension and speaking
  • Other impairments can include:
  • Impaired memory and concentration
  • Impaired balance and coordination
  • Muscle weakness and sensory damage

More on Mechanisms

How Does It Happen?

  • It is a specific type of closed-head injury
  • One study found that in a sample of 309 closed-head TBI cases, 57% had a contrecoup injury
  • Specific to coup-contrecoup injuries are the severe hemorrhaging due to amount of force
  • One theory is that the denser cerebrospinal fluid travels to site of original impact, pushing brain to opposite side
  • Another theory is that on impact, "compression waves" travel through the brain, throwing the surface cells on the other side against the skull
  • Strong blow against head causes rebound against skull
  • Second (contrecoup) impact occurs at site opposite first (coup) impact
  • Original force has to be great enough to make brain slam against skull during rebound
  • Contrecoup injuries are often overlooked because of location
  • Damage is usually severe because of the large amount of force necessary to cause this specific injury
  • Common causes:
  • Falls and car accidents especially conductive
  • Any heavy blow applied to large area

Prognosis and Treatment

  • Damage is usually irreversible
  • Risk for permanent damage is high
  • Injury should be treated right away for best recovery
  • Recovery is usually a matter of time and patience (as with all TBIs)
  • Treatment is designed to address resulting conditions
  • Neurosurgery may be required
  • Medication may be required
  • TBI is often traumatizing,but improvement is possible

More Facts

  • Most common contrecoup injury is to the frontal and temporal lobes due to impact on the occipital lobes
  • It is possible for contrecoup to happen by itself
  • Permanent damage risk is very high
  • Treatment can cost up to millions of dollars
  • Very many everyday functions can be affected, depending on injury

Coup-Contrecoup Brain Injury

By Alex Farmer

Period 4

References

  • http://www.tbirecoverycenter.org/coup.htm
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1088202/?page=1
  • http://www.northeastern.edu/nutraumaticbraininjury/what-is-tbi/
  • https://www.dolmanlaw.com/coup-contrecoup-brain-injuries/
  • https://www.google.com/imghp
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