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Problems facing the church on the eve of the Reformation

Catholic Practices

  • The Black Death struck the population of Europe which resulted in a growing anticlericalism. A disrespect to clergy because of the poor performance of clergymen during the crisis years of the plague.
  • Believe in the Seven Sacraments: Baptism Confirmation, Eucharist, Penance, Anointing of the sick, Holy Order, and Matrimony.
  • Simony, the selling of church offices, led to clergy holding multiple positions making them less effective in terms of ministering to their flocks.
  • Believe when they ate the bread and wine, it became the physical body and blood of Christ. Transubstantiation

Lutheranism: Origins

  • There was a rise in pietism, the notion of direct relationship between the individual and God. Most people were cutting out the middle man, the pope.

Prompt

Compare and contrast the Luthern Reformation and the Catholic Reformation of the 16th century regarding the reform of both religious doctrines and religious practices.

Vs.

Martin Luther

Pope Leo X

  • Catholics embraced the idea that salvation would occur through both faith and good works.
  • The Church was invovled with the selling of indulgences, clerical immorality, and clerical ignorance.

What is Lutheranism?

  • On October 31,1517 Martin Luther posted his 95 theses to challenge the Roman Catholic Church with hopes of reform.
  • Protestant used to mean anyone who followed Luther's beliefs, but it later came to mean any Christian who was not Catholic

Catholic Reformation

  • Martin's ideas expanded, people began to protest and the Protestant faith was born
  • The Catholic Reformation was a counter reformation to try and persuade people who left the church to come back and to ensure Catholics would remain Catholic.
  • Lutheranism is still a major branch of Protestantism.
  • The rapid departure of many Catholic members who converted to Protestantism were enticed to join the Catholic Church through beatings and bribery.

Martin Luther burning the excommunication letter from Pope Leo X

Similarities

  • Believed in the presence of Jesus

Catholic

Lutheran

  • Eucharist, Baptism, and Penance

Consubstantiation

  • Both religions reformed

Luther believed that Jesus had a presence in the bread and wine, but it did not become Jesus. The Eucharist is a symbol of Jesus no the literal body of Jesus.

The Council of Trent

  • Cardinal Alexander Farnese was elected Pope Paul III from 1534-1549

Protestant Beliefs

  • Alexander called for a council to discuss the reformation of the protestants.

Lutheranism provided new answers to four basic theological questions. How is a person to be saved? Where does religious authority reside? What is the church? What is the highest form of Christian life?

  • The council strengthed ecclesiastical discipline, due to a weak structure of commitment
  • Luther believed salvation comes by faith alone.

The Three Sacraments

  • Request for seminaries were made for the poor, for education, and those with vocations, by purity of life.
  • Religious authority rests in the Word of the God as revelead in the Bible alone and as interpreted by an individual's conscience.

Angela Merici

  • Martin Luther believed Christians only need to follow three Sacraments (Baptism, Eucharist, and Penance)

Lutheran vs. Catholic Reformation

  • The church of the entire community of Christian believers
  • The decisions for the council were used as the basis for Roman Catholic faith, organization, and practice.
  • Angela Merici (1474-1540) created the Ursuline Order, to combat heresy through Christian education.

Thesis

The Lutheran and Catholic Reformations were very similar with the exception of some minor idealogies, which provoked immense disputes.

Martin Luther posting his 95 theses on the door of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg

  • Everyone is equal under God, every person should serve God in his or her individual calling.
  • After recieving Papal authority in 1565 the organization spread to France and North America to educate mothers and housewives through Christian teachings.

THANK YOU!

By Sehi Jordan, Karina Sandoval, and Jasmine Gonzalez

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