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The Trafficking of Nigerian Women to Italy
Response from NGOs and international agencies
-preventitive + proactive programs for Nigeria
-sponsor events in Nigeria to reach out personally to potential victims and families
-centers for women
-limited funds for NGOS
-UNESCO + UNICEF doing academic work + training law enforcement officials
-# of women trafficked a year continues to rise
International/Nigerian Response
-UN's Palermo Protocol of 2000
-Nigeria accepted + ratified this
-pact with Italy
-Trafficking in Persons Law Enforcement and Administration Act (2003)
Italian Response
-Article 18 -> social program with short-term permit, counseling, job training, access to jobs
-2 pathways
-social prejudice from the police -> CIE
-Police force solely dedicted to foreign trafficking + prostitution
-Counseling services (BeFree)
-The Project
Post-debt
-can find new job but stigma, limited fluency, few skills
-example of jobs: house cleaner, caregiver
-often return to prostitution
Arrival in Rome
-power of the madam
-debt skyrockets to between 40 and 60 thousand euros
-low price for sessions but high cost of working
-STDs
-don't know the language, cannot read, no family, unfamiliar with cities
-anti-migrant sentiment
Time in Libya
-first glimpse of violence
-ranges from months to years
-start working as prostitute or jailed
-no protection from Libyan officials
Flight to Italy
Juju rites
-importance of witchcraft and animism
-fear factor
-Nollywood
"black magic rites in which intimate clothing, body tissue, fragments or fluids of the women (e.g. pubic or head hair, finger nails, or menstrual blood) are taken and placed before traditional shrines” (Aghatise 1130)
First contact with traffickers
-Edo State (polygamous and patriarchal)
-gender discrimination
-promise of a better life and free trip to Europe
Nigerian Crisis
"Bad management, lack of foresight, chronic corruption, nepotism, tribal divisions, and the inability to create a sense of national identity, along with a 4-year civil war that left hundreds of thousands dead and mutilated, and the disaster of multiple military dictatorships, coupled with the even more disastrous first civilian government after the civil war, all led to Nigeria’s downfall" (Aghatise 1133)
Statistics
19,000-26,000 per year