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Chapter 32: Regional Conflicts

Section 3: Conflicts in the Middle East

  • The Middle East

Arabs and Israelis fight over land

HOWEVER....

  • Israel responded in 2005 by releasing hundreds of Palestinian prisoners
  • In 2000, radical Palestinian groups stepped up its terror attacks, vowing to destroy Israel
  • These events brought new hope, yet serious obstacles still remained
  • The U.S. planned the "road map" to peace
  • Yasir died in 2004, and Muhmoud Abbas stepped into power promising to stop Palestinian terrorist attacks
  • Modern Israel was established in 1948 in agreement with United Nations Partition Plan
  • Conflicting claims over the Palestinian Arabs' land led to repeated violence
  • The United States, United Nations, and many other countries wanted to bring peace
  • Golda Meir, Israel's first female prime minister, was in the process of trying to arrange a peace treaty when the 1973 war struck
  • Israel and Egypt later signed a peace accord in 1979
  • In 1993, Yasir and the Israeli Prime mInister, Yitzhak Rabin, signed the Oslo Accord
  • Three more wars occurred from 1956-1973
  • Israel defeated the Arabs gaining more land
  • United States tried bringing peace repeatedly
  • In the 1960's, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was leading the struggle against Israel
  • This was headed by Yasir Arafat
  • In the 1967 war, Israeli forces took control of the West Bank, Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip
  • In 1973, these nations attacked Israel on Yom Kippur
  • Yom Kippur is one of the holiest days of the Jewish year
  • In the 1973 war, Arabs failed to regain the land they just lost from Israel
  • This land was called occupied territories by the Palestinians
  • For years, the PLO launched attacks against Israelis at home and abroad
  • Israel reacted forcefully, killing many Palestinians
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