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Ethiopia (Axum)
Ethiopia
- The expansion of Islam in the 8th century weakened Axum's commercial prosperity.
The Great Rift Valley divided region into two massive mountain masses.
Expansion of Islam killed economic prosperity
King Solomon
The Red Sea Trade contributed to state of Aksum’s.
Axum became as one of three strongest Nile civilizations.
Axum formed by an Etho- Sabean culture.
- Ethiopia built amazing palaces of stone and wood
- These palaces were set up on step platforms
- Created granite monoliths.
- Under the monoliths were the tombs (burial chambers).
- Frumentius introduced Christianity to Ethiopia. He was taken to Axum and tutored Ezana of the religion.
- Four major language groups: Semetic, Cushitic, Omotic, Nilo-Saharan. Amharic was the official language.
Wear many different clothing. Traditional dress was usually white cotton cloth. Men would wear long, jodhpur trousers, tight-fitted shirt, and a shamma (loosley wrapped)
Interested in Music too. Had instruments such as the massinko, krar and many more.
- Largely due to the loss of trading to both the Persians and the Arabs.
- But it has also been said that it was the deterioration of the environment. Long term tree cutting and soil overuse led to the type of erosion seen in today's time.
Kendall Cook Cheyanne McDonald Bianca Mohan Lauryn Hightower
GT World History, Applegate
October 16, 2011
Culture & Customs
There were also dense mountains and ruggad plateaus
PROS
CONS
(cc) photo by medhead on Flickr
Plateaus supported agriculture.
Geography kept enemies from attacking.
Dense mountains made communica-ting and trading very difficult.
Anyone foolish enough to cross border was a goner.
(cc) image by nuonsolarteam on Flickr
2nd step
Spark
Intoduction
Ethiopia was about 2/3 highlands
"The Christian Kingdom of Axum"
One of the oldest contiuous civilizations in the world.
Ethiopia is LANDLOCKED!
Geographic Factors
...and Economics
Also one of the oldest Christian nations in the world.
- Imposed religious tests on merchants along the Red Sea
- Attacked and destroyed Adulis
- Many people in Axum converted to Islam while other found refuge in the mountains
Reasons for Decline
Missionaries converted Nubian rulers. Nobatia, the strongest Nubian state, had strong ties with Ethiopia.
Political Leadership
Kingdom of Axum was described as a sizable trading state.
Frumentis
Queen Makeda
Frumentius brought Christianity into Ethiopia.
Prince Menilek
Acceptence of Christianity made Ethiopia the first black African society that can be studied from written records.
Solomonic Kings
Trade...
Axum (in Northwestern Ethiopia) merchants sold ivory, gold, emeralds, rhinoceros horns, shells, and slaves
Traded with Sudan, Arabia, Yemen, and other cites along Indian Ocean
For first eight centuries Axum was the capital of the empire and relied heavily on trade