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Introduction to the Academic Argument

Basic Organization

Introduction

  • Gain audience attention & engagement
  • Provide context (background on issue)
  • Establish writer’s credibility
  • Make central claim (thesis)

Body

  • Reasons in support of the claim
  • Evidence to support reasons
  • Analysis and discussion of evidence

Conclusion

  • Summary of the argument
  • Points out significant implications of this issue
  • Makes clear what the writer wants the audience to think, feel, or do

The Goal of Argument

Begins as a Response to an Issue or Problem

Enter and Contribute to the "Conversation"

Academic Argument: Characteristic Features

Persuades others to change their position or perspective and perhaps even move them to action in your conclusion.

  • Standard Edited English
  • Clear and recognizable patterns of organization
  • Logical relationships between ideas
  • Claims are stated explicitly and appropriately supported
  • Ideas are clearly and directly expressed
  • Addresses the responses of others
  • Documentation of sources using the appropriate citation style

Rhetorical Definition

ARGUMENT refers to ANY WAY that human beings express themselves to try to achieve a certain purpose

Appealing to Ethos

How can you create and maintain credibility and good character throughout your argument?

Careful Research and Documentation

Personal background and experience

Establishing Common Ground

Demonstrating fairness by representing other positions accurately

How can you appeal to your audience’s sense of logic?

How can you appeal to your audience's emotions in an appropriate way?

Include appropriate reasons and evidence to support your claim

Images

Facts and statistics

Surveys and questionnaires

Word Choice

Observations and experiments

Interviews

Examples

Testimony

Personal Experience

Common Ground

Charts, images, other visuals

Image by Tom Mooring

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