The American Civil War

Sources:

• https://www.civilwar.org/learn/articles/brief-overview-american-civil-war (Opened 2,27,18)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War (Opened 2,27,18)
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ulysses-S-Grant (Opened 3,1,18)
• https://www.biography.com/people/abraham-lincoln-9382540(Opened 3,1,18)
• https://www.biography.com/people/robert-e-lee-9377163(Opened 3,1,18)

The American Civil War

Video

http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history

Major General Ulysses S. Grant

Born *1822 Died + 1885

- Famous US Army General

- In the end he had the command over almost the entire army

- 18th president (R) of the US (1868)

- Is praised as a military genius

Before 1860

April 12, 1861

1864-65

Reconstruction Era

1865-77

The Confederate Army took over Fort Sumter, South Carolina

the End of the war

• Sectionalism increased between the industrialized and urbanized North and the conservative, agricultural South

-> Northern strategy to win the war, was to conquer Richmond, VA and Atlanta, GA (major strongholds of The South)

-> The northern garrison had to take down the flag and surrender

-> Federal troops were sent to The South to help rebuild it

-> Freedman's Bureau was established, Civil rights Act was passed

Status of the states, 1861

-> This event was the trigger to start the Civil War

Union states that banned slavery

• Argument over whether a new state or territory would be a slave state or a free state

Union states that permitted slavery

States that seceded after April 15, 1861

States that seceded before April 15, 1861

Territories

-> Grant vs. Lee at Richmond/Petersburg

=> Battle of Cedar Creek

-> 4 more slave states joined the Confederacy (April 15th)

-> Reconstruction Amendments were passed:

• 13th Amendment, 1865: Slavery abolished
• 14th Amendment, 1868: Granted citizenship to former slaves
• 15th Amendment, 1870: Every man can vote

• Freeing the slaves would result in a failed attempt of integration an uprising of the slaves

-> Sherman vs. Johnston/Hood at Atlanta

=> "March to the sea"

-> Anaconda Plan was established to cut The South off from trading cotton

• Freeing the slaves would destroy the economy in The South

-> Former slaves were elected into government positions for the first time in American history

-> April 9th, 1865: Lee surrenders

-> By the end of 1861 a million armed men fought on a line 1200 miles long between Virginia and Missouri (Mason Dixon Line)

-> The construct of "White Supremacy" took over in The South

-> Official end of the war: May 9th, 1865 (declared by President Johnson)

(Important Battles fought: Wilson Creek, MO, Port Royal, SC)

=> "Black Codes"

1862

1865

1859

1900

1800

The aftermath

1862-63

1860

The real fighting began

Abraham Lincoln (R) was elected President

-> National political power of slaveholders and rich southerns ended

-> Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation

-> Pledge to keep slavery out of the US

-> 7 southern slave states seceded and formed a new nation, The Confederate States of America

-> Before preserving the Union was the main war goal

-> After abolishing slavery was the main war goal

-> More casualties than WWI and WWII

-> 1 030 000 casualties: ~850 000 soldiers (2/3 died of disease)

-> 8% of all white males between 13 and 43 died

-> 60 000 men lost limbs

-> Huge battles were fought:

-> Lincoln and most northern states didn't recognize its legitimacy, refused any peace treaties

-> 4 Million slaves were freed

• Battle of Antietam, MD 1862
• Union siege of Vicksburg, MS 1863
• Battle of Gettysburg, PA 1863 (turning point of the war) -> Gettysburg Address

-> Fear it would discredit Democracy and the US would split up into several small nations

Civil War Jokes?

- I don't General Lee find them funny

Abraham Lincoln

General Robert E. Lee

*Born February 12th, 1809 +Died April 14th, 1864

*Born 1807 +Died 1870

- November 6th, 1860: became the 16th president of the USA

- June, 1861: Got command over the Northern Virginia Army

- Was a very popular and charismatic leader

-January 1st, 1863: delivered the Emancipation Proclamation

- Got elected for a second time after the war (1864)

-> He should reunite the southern states with the union

- April 14th 1865: assassinated by Wilkes Booth, a fanatic from the southern states

- Led the Confederate Army in the Battle of Gettysburg

- Most successful General of the Confederate States

- After the war he was saved of being hanged by a forgiving Lincoln and Grant