The Endocrine System

HYPOTHALAMUS :

• Located just above the pituitary gland in the brain.
• Key part in the endocrine system; Maintains your body's internal balance like body temperature , heart rate, and appetite and body weight.
• Serves as the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
• Maintains homeostasis and the production of hormones throughout the body

PINEAL GLAND:

• Shaped like a pine cone and located near the center of the brain.
• Once known as the "Third eye"
• Controls a persons circadian rhythm by releasing melatonin
• Regulates reproductive hormones and a persons circadian rhythm.

PITUITARY GLAND:

• Made of two parts
• Anterior Lobe
• Releases hormones when hormones are received
• Posterior Lobe
• Contains the end of nerve cells and receives signals directly from the Hypothalamus.
• Helps to regulate all functions of the endocrine system

THYROID:

• Produces T3 and T4 hormones and regulates metabolism.
• Controlled by the hypothalamus and Pituitary gland.
• Common place for diseases.

PARATHYROID GLAND:

• Responsible from regulating calcium levels.
• There are 4 of these glands, about the size of a grain of rice.
• Helps the muscular and nervous system and has no relation to the thyroid gland.

THYMUS:

• This gland is active only until puberty.
• It's located behind the sternum and between the lungs.
• Plays a key role in the body's defense system.
• Slowly shrinks and becomes body fat.

ADRENAL GLAND:

• Produces hormones that help with stress and helps to regulate metabolism, and blood pressure.
• Produces adrenaline, which helps your body immediately respond to stress.
• Made of two parts:
• Adrenal Cortex
• Releases hormones essential for life.
• Adrenal Medulla
• Not essential to life.
• Responsible for the fight or flight response.

PANCREAS:

• Regulates the body's blood sugar level; produces insulin and glucogan.
• Plays a role in the endocrine and exocrine system by secreting hormones into the blood system and enzymes throughout the body.
• Commonly associated with diabetes.
• Located between the stomach and the spine.

OVARIES:

• essential to the female reproductive system.
• releases the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

TESTES:

• Responsible for releasing testosterone which is essential for proper development in boys.
• Maintains bone density and muscle strength in adulthood.

The Endocrine System

By: Nicole Walker, Janys McPherson, & Briana Sutton

What type of preventative care is there?

What are some related systems?

Wear protective equipment during sports

• The Circulatory System
• Works as the transport system for endocrine information
• Endocrine chemicals and hormones are able to circulate throughout the body through blood vessels.
• The Excretory System
• Hormones are secreted into the blood through glands.
• The pituitary gland releases hormones that control blood pressure and the excretory system.

• The Circulatory System
• The Excretory

What is the Endocrine System?

What are some sports related injuries & emergencies?

What are the parts of the system?

Traumatic Brain Injury

Ruptured Pancreas/ Pancreatitis

The endocrine system refers to the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs.

• Pancreatic enzyms that help to digest fats and sugars overreact and begin to digest the tissues of the pancreas itself
• Caused by a hard impact to the pancreas
• Signs and Symptoms include:
• nausea and vomiting
• pain in upper stomach area that goes to your back
• lump in upper stomach
• difficulty eating and digesting food
• Treatment options include:
• surgery to drain the pseudocyst
• antibiotics

• Sudden damage to the brain that occurs when skull hits something violently and repeatedly
• Caused by falls and hard impact to the head during a contact sport
• Signs and symptoms could include:
• Hypothyroidism (not enough thyroid hormone)
• fatigue, constipation, weight gain, irregular menstrual periods, cold tolerance
• Growth hormone deficiency
• adults have increased fat, bone and muscle loss, and energy loss
• kids have stunted growth
• Treatment options would include hormone replacement therapy, hyponatremia (cutting back fluid intake), IV salt solution, and medications

What are the functions of the Endocrine system?

What diseases are associated with this system?

Works Cited

"Endocrine System." InnerBody. N.p., 1999. Web. 18 May 2015. <http://www.innerbody.com/image/endoov.html>.

"Endocrine System - On a Molecular Level." Biology4Kids.com: Animal Systems: Endocrine System. N.p., 1997. Web. 19 May 2015. <http://www.biology4kids.com/files/systems_endocrine.html>.

"Fact Sheet." Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Treatment. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2015. <http://www.hormone.org/questions-and-answers/2013/traumatic-brain-injury>.

"Pancreatic Pseudocyst." Healthline. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 May 2015. <http://www.healthline.com/health/pancreatic-pseudocyst#Diagnosis4>.

"Types of Diabetes." Types of Diabetes. N.p., 1997. Web. 19 May 2015. <http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/diabetes/all>.

Zimmermann, By Kim Ann. "Endocrine System: Facts, Functions and Diseases." LiveScience. TechMedia Network, 20 Nov. 2014. Web. 18 May 2015. <http://www.livescience.com/26496-endocrine-system.html>.

• Includes all the glands and the hormones in which they produce and release.
• The hormones help to regulate body functions.
• Metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, mood, etc.

• Diabetes
• The body doesn't process glucose correctly due to a lack of insulin.
• Types: Gestational Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, Prediabetes, Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes
• Cancer
• Thyroid Cancer
• The cells in the thyroid begin to change and grow uncontrollably, which eventually leads to the formation of a tumor.