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Polar Ice Biome

Kira Gallancy & Madeleine Tomasic

Scavenger/Decomposer

Climate

Soil Bacteria

  • The same soil bacteria that is found in other areas of the earth serve as decomposers in the polar ice biome. Due to the cold, however, it takes the bacteria much longer (sometimes years) to break down materials.
  • saprotrophic: specializes in breaking down dead organic material (i.e. saprotrophic bacteria, saprotrophic fungi)

Climate Conditions

  • frigid temperatures

* Arctic: summer (3-14 Celsius); winter -30 Celsius)

* Antarctic temps can drop even lower

  • <50cm annual precipitation

Climatogram

commensalism

  • arctic fox follows the polar bear and pick up its scraps during the winter, when prey is scarce

Species Interactions

Autotrophs/Primary Producers

Abiotic Components

predator/prey

  • polar bear/ringed seal

Herbivores/Omnivores

Carnivores

-Arctic: north of 60degrees north latitude; -4665m to 0m

-Antarctic: south of 60degrees south latitude; -2538m to 4897m

polar bears

  • dense, insulating undercoat topped by guard hairs of various lengths
  • layer of fat can measure 4.5 inches for warmth while swimming
  • main prey is the ringed seal, also eats geese, caribou, walrus

arctic foxes

  • furry soles, short ears, and a short muzzle
  • live in burrows
  • hunt rodents, birds, fish

caribou

  • covered in hollow-hair fur, provides insulation in winter and flotation for swimming
  • eats mainly arboreal lichen

lemmings

  • small rodents, long fur
  • feed on leaves, shoots, grasses, sedges
  • chaotic population fluctuations due to predation
  • extremely low temperatures
  • ice and snow are constantly present; ground is covered in a sheet of ice
  • soil is frozen
  • strong, frigid winds

musk oxen

mosses

  • eat grasses, arctic willows, woody plants, lichens, and mosses
  • thick coat
  • males emit strong odor ('musk') to attract mates
  • small size
  • small leaves
  • can carry out photosynthesis in low temps

algae

  • types: red algae, snow algae
  • small size, slow growth, asexual reproduction

lichens

  • fungus/alga
  • small size/slow growth help it survive the Polar Ice conditions
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