Johann Pachelbel (1653 -1706), Canon in D AP Music Theory November 5 2010 Warm-Up: Transpose this melody to BM without using key signatures Homework: Taking a musical idea and moving it to another key Transposition Stocks' Bohn's Cantus Firmus Counterpoint Each species has two specific parts: A specified method of writing voices against one another "Contrapuntal" Latin: "Fixed Song" Established bass line, in whole notes Typically taken from pre-existing material Liturgical music Popular music Counterpoint (Typically Gregorian Chant Melodies) Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300 - 1377), "Douce Dame jolie" Two sets of rules: Melodic Intervallic Specifically related to contour of top line Specifically related to intervals between the two voices Written "against" the Cantus Firmus First Species Counterpoint Rules that govern melodic lines in all species of Counterpoint: Familiar forms of Counterpoint: Fugue Round Canon... 1. The last note must be approached by step "final" 2. Permitted melodic intervals P1, P4, P5, P8 M2, m2, M3, m3 Ascending m6* *Must be immediately followed by descending motion (only thinking about one voice at a time) 3. Each skip or leap should be followed by a step in the opposite direction. Cantus Firmus moves up, counterpoint moves down Rules that govern the relationship between the two lines in all species of Counterpoint: 2. Use mainly contrary motion 1. Build from the Cantus Firmus up "Note against Note" Glossary of Counterpoint Terms: Step: melodic interval of a half step or whole step Skip: melodic interval of a 3rd or 4th Leap: melodic interval of anything more than a 4th 1. Avoid unisons except first and last notes 2. Avoid parallel fifths or parallel octaves When the two voices move in the same direction, separated by the interval of a 5th 3. Avoid spacing the voices beyond the interval of a tenth 4. Avoid dissonances between the two voices M2, m2 M7, m7 Augmented or diminished intervals P4 Rules: We have a Cantus Firmus... ...time to write some Counterpoint! Always whole notes! Species: a defined type of Counterpoint writing Exact same melody, repeated at different times against itself "Twinkle, Twinkle" "Brother John" - Very similar to a Round - States basic melody, followed shortly by imitations, typically before the first idea has finished - Imitations can be variations, or employ Melodic Modifications - Brother John Canon: Augmentation Diminution Augmentation and Diminution Strange variations on a Canon: Increasingly complex restatements of the first musical idea These restatements usually appear only after the first idea has been fully stated. - Write a 4 measure melody - Transpose it to the 3rd and 5th in the same key - Email to yorktownmusictheory @gmail.com We can also transpose within the same key... (this is called Modal Transposition... we'll discuss why next week) Sing Brother John in CM Same key, different starting pitch... Species Counterpoint November 6 2010 Victor Borge, "What does a conductor do?" AP Music Theory - Compose 2 First Species counterpoints, based on today's Cantus Firmus - Email to yorktownmusictheory @gmail.com Warm-Up: Transpose this melody to BM without using key signatures Homework: 1. Avoid unisons except first and last notes 3. Each skip or leap should be followed by a step in the opposite direction. 3. Avoid spacing the voices beyond the interval of a tenth Augmented or diminished intervals Overall melodic rules: 4. Avoid dissonances between the two voices M2, m2 2. Permitted melodic intervals: P1, M2/m2, M3/m3, P4, P5, m6 When the two voices move in the same direction, separated by the interval of a 5th 1. The final must be approached by step P4 M7, m7 2. Avoid parallel fifths or parallel octaves AP Music Theory Shostakovich, Symphony No. 7, "Leningrad" Dictation Quiz First Species Counterpoint Homework: November 10, 2010 - Transcribe your own Cantus Firmus from your iPod - Write a First Species counterpoint over it Dictation Quiz The man, the man, the armed man, The armed man The armed man should be feared, should be feared. Everywhere it has been proclaimed That each man shall arm himself With a coat of iron mail. 2. Use Mainly contrary motion Overall intervallic rules: 1. Build from the Cantus Firmus up 5. Begin and end on unison, octave, or 5th First Species Rules 6. Use only whole notes Write a counterpoint on Pachelbel's Canon Write your own counterpoint on Pachelbel's Canon Write your own counterpoint on L'Homme Arme In small groups, write your own Cantus Firmus based on a song on your iPod. Select someone else's Cantus Firmus to write counterpoint over AP Music Theory November 15, 2010 Beethoven, Symphony No. 7, ii Berlin Philharmonic, conducted by Herbert von Karajan - Write a Cantus Firmus - Create 3 staves over the C.F. - Write 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Species Counterpoint lines - Email. Dictation Quiz Second Species Counterpoint Homework: Second Species Counterpoint Dictation Quiz: Intervals 2 1 AGAINST First Species Counterpoint AGAINST 1 1 Second Species Rules 1. Follow First Species rules, unless otherwise specified 3. You may begin on an upbeat 4. Avoid unisons, except the first or last note AGAINST Third Species Counterpoint 4 1 (3 or) 2. Use half notes or whole notes in the counterpoint line 2. Counterpoint = quarter, half, or whole notes 1. Follow all First and Second Species rules, unless otherwise specified Third Species Rules Second Species on L'Homme Arme Third Species on L'Homme Arme