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HUBRIS

EGO

Ego leading to Conflict/War

: the opinion that you have about yourself

psychology : a part of the mind that senses and adapts to the real world

Disc: How does your ego function as an athlete?

Examples of Conflict Stages

What or who are your top 5 status icons?

  • Two workers under the same boss disagree about scheduling
  • In our class we have a disagreement about grades on an essay
  • 1.Potential Opposition: Grade conflict
  • 2. Personalization:"My grade reflects who I am."
  • 3. Intention: I need to get an A+
  • 4. Behavior: I will talk to/ argue with the teacher
  • 5. Outcome: My grade changed (A/F)
  • How do Achilles and Agamemnon fit in here?

A "battle of egos" is a phrase used metaphorically to describe competitions that are based on pride and often entail prodigious and arrogant demonstrations of prowess.

An icon is a symbol that can be a person or an object. List

five that are at the top of your list or what you think is society's list.

Hubris is derived from the Greek hybris which denotes insolence and violence. In Classical Athenian the term hubris implied the use of violence to intentionally belittle others. An example would be the case where Midias punches Demosthenes on the face when he was in the midst of a ceremonial function.

In classical Greek works, hubris present in the heroes of Greek tragedy was an arrogance that seemed to offend even the gods. Seen in this light, hubris is regarded as the hamartia or flaw in character which becomes the cause for the nemesis that befalls the character. The Heroes in Greek tragedy often manifested hubris which caused their downfall. The hero’s pride often increases to such a degree that fate sets in to affect the necessary punishment to curb the overweening pride. As a result the end of the tragic heroes is never good. Ajax kills himself in a secluded spot while Oedipus is reduced to a wreck. The action of Icarus who goes too near the sun in spite of being warned is seen as hubris which also leads to his retribution

Discussion: What instances of hubris have you encountered or witnessed?

Taken from corporate conflict resolution, there are 5 stages of conflict:

1. Potential Opposition

2. Cognition/Personalization

3. Intentions

4. Behavior

5. Outcomes

Disc:

Which behavior did Achilles and Agamemnon choose? How might this lead to violence and war?

PRIDE

Ancient Greek Masculinity and Pride

Greek Conventions

Dealing with Pride

The Latin word for manliness is "virtus. "Thus, for the Romans, virtue was considered the very essence of a true man’s character. Greek has a similar play on words. The Greek word for man, ἄνηἄ*ρ, is etymologically the root of ἄνδρι*α, or courage. Thus, the Greeks viewed courage as the essence of masculinity. - Maximilian Hanlon, a Master of Arts in Latin and Greek

  • Hubris (will be elaborated upon)
  • Epic Language:
  • Invocation: The Iliad begins with an invocation, or formal plea for aid, to Calliope, one of the none Muses, the Greek goddesses who preside over the arts and sciences
  • Epic Similies: Homer uses elaborate, extended, comparisons called epic, or Homeric, similes. These lengthy similes compare heroic events that the audience could easily understand.
  • In Medias Res:The epic plunges us into the missal of the action, or in medias res, a latin expression meaning "into the midsts of things." Flashbacks are then used to inform the audience of prior events
  • Stock Epithets: A descriptive adj. or phrase that is repeatedly used with- or in place of- a noun or proper name. Thus, the audience repeatedly hears of "gray-eyed Athena" and "swift- footed Achilles." The repetition of these epithets, which are also called Homeric epithets, helped the listeners to follow the narrative, since they could associate recurring characters and places with familiar identifying tags. Epithets also aided the rhapsode, who could rely on his stockpile of conventional descriptions as he improvised the poem in performance. *p.231
  • The Greek Epic is written in such a way that all matters are to be glorified and examined within the notion of pride
  • Search text*

"a reasonable or justifiable sense of one's worth or importance <finishing that survival course gave me a real sense of pride and confidence in my abilities>" Merriam Webster

Discussion

  • Importance
  • good or bad?
  • When does an overabundance of pride become something else?

The Verdict

Agamenon's Pride

Though pride and ego are traits typically viewed by the Greeks to be masculine traits, do only men have them?

How does having too much pride escalate into conflict and warfare?

Who has a bigger ego: Achilles or Agamemnon? Why?

How can we resolve conflict knowing what we know about pride?

Achilles' Pride

  • "No one could stop Agamemnon. Achilles was enraged. The honor of the leader of the Greeks, Agamemnon, had been assuaged, but what about the honor of the greatest of the Greek heroes -- Achilles? Following the dictates of his own conscience, Achilles could no longer cooperate, so he withdrew his troops (the Myrmidons) and sat on the sidelines." ancienthistory.about.com/
  • When Achilles refuses to fight, Agamemnon rushes his tent to take Briseis. Achilles has his sword drawn and gets ready to kill Agamemnon, but he is stopped by Athena.

"Agamemnon and Achilles had received the young women Chryseis and Briseis as prizes of war or war brides. Chryseis was the daughter of Chryses, who was a priest of Apollo. Chryses wanted his daughter back and even offered a ransom, but Agamemnon refused. Calchas the seer advised Agamemnon on the connection between his behavior toward the priest of Apollo and the plague that was decimating his army. Agamemnon had to return Chryseis to the priest of Apollo if he wanted the plague to end.

After much Greek suffering, Agamemnon agreed to the recommendation of Calchas the seer, but only on condition that he take possession of the war prize of Achilles -- Briseis -- as a replacement.

A minor point to think about: When Agamemnon had sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia, he hadn't required his fellow Greek aristocrats to give him a new daughter." -ancienthistory.about.com

The Iliad: Pride, Ego, and War

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